I-AI yokukhetha ukwatapheya ovuthiwe: ukusuka kuselula ukuya kuchungechunge

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Ukukhetha ukwatapheya ovuthwe ngokuphelele kuyisayensi, futhi manje inobuchwepheshe bayo: funda kabanzi indlela yokuvuthwa ukwatapheyaNgenxa yentuthuko yakamuva, isistimu yezobunhloli yokwenziwa eqeqeshwe nayo Izithombe ezithathwe kumakhalekhukhwini Ingakwazi ukulinganisa ukuthi isithelo sesikulungele yini ukudliwa kanye nesimo saso sangaphakathi ngaphandle kokusilimaza. Le ndlela igwema ukuhlola okuhlaselayo, inciphisa amaphutha omuntu, futhi ithembisa izinguquko ezijulile kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka, kusukela ensimini kuya eshalofini lesitolo esikhulu.

Lesi siphakamiso sazalwa sinenjongo eqondile: ukusiza abathengi, abakhiqizi nabasabalalisi ukuthi benze izinqumo zokuthenga nokudayisa benolwazi oluthe xaxa futhi baqonde. Ungavuthwa kanjani ukwatapheya ngokusheshaNge-AI esetshenziswa embonweni wekhompiyutha, uhlelo luzuza a Ukunemba okungu-92% ekubikezeleni ukuqina (inkomba eyinhloko yokuvuthwa) futhi idlula ama-84% ​​ekuhlukaniseni izingcezu ezintsha kulezo esezivele zonakele ngaphakathi. Ngamanye amazwi, umakhalekhukhwini wakho ungaba "i-expert touch" entsha ngaphandle kokuthi ucindezele ucezu olulodwa lwesithelo.

Yenzani ngempela le AI ngomakhalekhukhwini?

Ithimba labacwaningi abavela e-Oregon State University, ngokubambisana ne-Florida State University, baqeqeshe amamodeli okufunda ajulile avela kusizindalwazi esingaphezu kwe Izithombe ezingu-1.400 zikakotapheya we-Hass ezithathwe nge-iPhoneInethiwekhi ye-neural ifunda amaphethini okubuka afanelekile—umumo, ukuthungwa, ama-microreliefs, kanye nezakhiwo zendawo zegobolondo—ukuzihlobanisa nezilinganiso eziqondile zobulukhuni nesimo sangaphakathi, ukunaka ngokukhethekile. ukotapheya uvuthwa kanjani.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela, ukuqina kwahlolwa kusetshenziswa i-text analyzer, futhi ikhwalithi yangaphakathi yahlukaniswa ngokuthi "okusha ngokuqhathaniswa nokubola." Isivuno siyamangaza: Ukunemba okungama-92% ekuqineni kanye nangaphezulu kwama-84% ekutholeni ukuwohloka kwangaphakathiIsihluthulelo siwukuthi ukuhlola akukonakali futhi, uma sikhuluma ngezibalo, akuguquguquki kunendlela evamile "yokumpintsha kancane" esetshenziswa ezitolo.

Abacwaningi bagcizelela ukuthi indlela yabo ithuthuka emsebenzini wangaphambilini obuncike ezicini ezichazwe ngesandla nama-algorithms akudala. Ngokusebenzisa ukufunda okujulile ukuze kukhishwe ngokuzenzakalelayo Ngokuqoqa ulwazi lwezikali eziningi, isistimu ithwebula okuguquguqukayo okucashile okungazange kuqashelwe ngaphambilini. Le phrojekthi, enobunikazi obuvelele buka-Luyao Ma (OSU) kanye no-In-Hwan Lee, yanyatheliswa kumagazini I-Current Research in Food Science futhi yathathwa njengethuluzi eliqondile lemisebenzi yansuku zonke yabathengisi nemizi.

Izinhlelo ezisebenzayo kulo lonke uchungechunge lokunikezela

I-AI ivula umnyango wokuhlukanisa inani elikhulu lezithelo ngokuvumelana "nesikhathi sazo sokuvuthwa." Ezindaweni zokupakisha, ulayini ofakwe amakhamera ungahlukanisa amaqoqo thumela ezivuthiwe ezindaweni eziseduze futhi ugcine isithelo esivuthiwe kancane emigwaqweni emide. Esitolo, lokhu kungasiza ukunquma ukuthi yimaphi amabhokisi aboniswa kuqala nokuthi yimaphi agcinelwa ukuzungeziswa kamuva, kuncishiswe udoti kanye nezikhalazo zamakhasimende.

Ngokombono womthengi, umbono owokuthi isicelo sisebenze ngqo kumakhalekhukhwini futhi sinikeze isiqondiso mayelana indlela yokuvuthwa ukwatapheya kanye nesikhathi esilungile sokusebenzisa. Amanothi amaningana olwazi afakiwe amavidiyo nokuqukethwe okushumekiwe ebonisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo, futhi ayizange ishodeke izingcezu ezinezixhumanisi zokufunda okuhlobene—ngokwesibonelo, izinkomba zesilinganiso segolide kwezinye izimo—ezibonisa isithakazelo esithandwayo kusayensi esisetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

Kuze kwaba namacala angajwayelekile ezitolo zamazwe ngamazwe. Esitolo esikhulu i-EDEKA eJalimane, kwafakwa umshini o... ukusondeza ukwatapheya eduze kwenzwaIlinganisa ukuvuthwa kwayo ngemizuzwana. Idivayisi ibe negciwane ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ngemuva kokuba umdali wokuqukethwe abelane ngevidiyo, futhi umphakathi wase-Hispanic—ikakhulukazi abantu baseMexico—uphendule ngamahlaya: kuyilapho abaningi beziqhayisa ngokuba “neso nesandla” esingenaphutha, isikena singaba umngane omkhulu walabo abangakakwazi ubuciko bokwatapheya obuphelele.

Umthelela wezomnotho nokumosha ukudla

Isizinda somnotho sibalulekile. E-United States, ukwatapheya ongenisa kwamanye amazwe ulingana $ 3.870 million minyaka yonkeFuthi cishe u-90% womkhiqizo uvela eMexico. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa nokuhlela ukuthunyelwa ngokuya ngokuvuthwa bungenza umehluko phakathi kokuzuza noma ukulahlekelwa ama-margin emakethe enkulukazi ehlinzeka amazwe afana ne-United States, Japan, Spain, neJalimane.

Unyaka ngamunye cishe Ama-30% okukhiqizwa kokudla emhlabeni jikeleleikakhulukazi ezitolo nasezindlini. E-US, uMnyango Wezolimo kanye Nenhlangano Yokuvikela Imvelo babeka umgomo wokusika imfucuza yokudla phakathi ngo-2030. Amathuluzi abikezela ukuvuthwa kanye nekhwalithi yangaphakathi angaba yizici ezibalulekile zalokhu kuncipha, kokubili eshalofini lesitolo esikhulu kanye nasefrijini lasekhaya, isibonelo, vimbela ukwatapheya ekubeni oxidizing.

Endabeni ethile yama-avocados, ukulahla kungaba khona 40% kwezinye izixhumanisi ngenxa yokuvuthwa ngokweqile. Isithelo singahlala esihlahleni izinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisihlanu, kodwa ngemva kokuvuna, isigaba esisheshayo siqala lapho Cishe emasontweni amabili, ifinyelela eqophelweni layo elilungile lokudliwa; akhona amaqhinga okuvuthwa ukwatapheya ngokusheshaNgakho-ke ukubaluleka kokuvumelanisa ukuvunwa, ukugcinwa, ezokuthutha kanye nokuthengisa nedatha yesikhathi sangempela enenjongo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwatapheya uwukudla okunamandla futhi okunomsoco. ukumelana nezimo zezulu ezimbiokuthi ezimweni ezithile kungathatha indawo yokunye ukudla okuyisisekelo okuzwela kakhulu ukufudumala komhlaba. Lokhu kuqinisela kwengeza inani elengeziwe ekuthuthukisweni kokuphatha kwayo ngemva kokuvuna.

Imikhawulo yamanje nezinyathelo ezilandelayo

Ithimba liyavuma ukuthi, naphezu kwemiphumela emihle, iqoqo lezithombe eziyizithenjwa-ikakhulukazi lezo zezithelo ezisesimweni "esiphelele" kusanomkhawuloNjengoba imodeli inweba ukuze ihlanganise izinhlobo eziningi, izimo zokukhanya, imvelaphi, nezimo zezithelo, ukusebenza kwayo kufanele kuthuthuke, kuqine kakhulu, futhi kufane kangcono kunomongo omusha.

Abacwaningi bacabanga ukunweba indlela kweminye imikhiqizo ebolayo njenge utamatisi noma ama-apulaInhloso ikabili: ukunciphisa umonakalo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kanye nokukhulisa ukunemba kwezibikezelo zezinto eziguquguqukayo ezibalulekile (ukuqina, ikhwalithi yangaphakathi, noma isikhathi sokuvuthwa). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenzisana nababambe iqhaza kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka kuzovumela indlela evaliwe, kusukela ekubikezelweni kuya ekusebenzeni.

Njengoba kuvamise ukuba njalo ngezinto ezintsha, kuzodingeka ukuthi ziqinisekise ezimeni zangempela zezimboni. lungisa ithuluzi ngedatha eyengeziwe kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izixhumanisi zilula kubo bobabili opharetha nabathengi. Amandla, nokho, acacile: izinqumo ezisheshayo, ukumosha okuncane, nezithelo eziphethwe kangcono.

Obunye ubuchwepheshe obuvele bushintsha igeyimu

E-Andalusia, inkampani yobunjiniyela i-Ghenova, kanye neNyuvesi yaseSeville kanye nokusekelwa kwe-Technological Corporation yase-Andalusia (CTA), ithuthukisa iphrojekthi ye-Arpodes: isisombululo esizimele futhi esingaphazamisi ukucacisa iphuzu lokuvuthwa. Lesi sifunda sikhiqiza amathani angaba ngu-97.000 futhi sithatha cishe u-70% wamakotapheya ase-Europe; inselele enkulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ufinyelela esitolo ngesikhathi esifanele.

Inzwa ye-Arpodes "ilingisa isandla somlimi": isebenzisa ingcindezi elawulwayo nge-actuator ewumugqa futhi, ngokusekelwe ekufudukeni, ilinganisela ukuqina. Ihlanganiswe ku-chain, ivumela lungisa imingcele yekhamera (izinga lokushisa, umswakama, umoya omncane) ngokusho kwesibikezelo sokuvuthwa, ukuvala iluphu yokulawula kanye nokurekhoda idatha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kwenza umkhuba umkhuba osalokhu usetshenziswa namuhla ngokuyinhloko, ngokusekelwe kumuzwa nolwazi.

Ngokufanayo, iNyuvesi yaseGranada nabalingani abanjengoNazaríes Intelligenia, Terceto, Fidesol kanye neLa Caña basebenzela i-"Evocato", uhlelo oluhlanganisa uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula inzwa engahlaseli exhunywe nge-BluetoothLe phrojekthi isesigabeni sayo sesithathu, ihluza amamodeli kanye nokuzinza kwe-prototype, ngokugxila ngokukhethekile ezinhlobonhlobo ze-Bacon - enesikhumba esincanyana futhi esivunwa ngokushesha ogwini lwaseGranada naseMalaga-, lapho ukunquma ukuvuthwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Ukuthuthuka kwe-Evocato kuqinise i ukuqina kwamamodeli kanye nekhwalithi yedatha. Ukuhamba komsebenzi kulula: namathisela inzwa kumakhalekhukhwini wakho, uyibambe eduze kwesithelo, bese ucubungula idatha kuhlelo lokusebenza. Ngolwazi olutholiwe, umdidiyeli angakwazi:

• hlehlisa noma ulahle izilinganiso ezithile zilinde ukufundwa okusha.
• Hlela ngenkatho noma amapulazi ukuhlela isivuno nokuvuthwa.
• Ukwabelana ngezinto zokuhamba, ikhwalithi nokulandeleka ukuvumelanisa imisebenzi.

Esinye isiphakamiso sebhentshimakhi sivela kwa-Israel ne-Neolithics, ehlanganisayo I-AI enezinzwa ze-hyperspectral kanye nolwazi lwesayensi yokudla. Ubuchwepheshe bayo be-Crystal.eye buhlaziya kokubili ikhwalithi yangaphandle nengaphakathi ngesikhathi sangempela, ngaphandle kokucekela phansi umkhiqizo, ukulinganisa imingcele ebalulekile njengokuvuthwa, okuqinile okuphelele okuncibilikayo, i-Brix, i-asidi, namazinga okungcola (izibulala-zinambuzane namafungicides), phakathi kwabanye. Ingahlanganiswa emigqeni yokuhlunga noma isebenze njengesiteshi sokusampula somthamo omkhulu.

Endabeni yamagilebhisi, izinhlelo zabo zezimboni zikala isampula elisuka elolini ngokwalo. 100 kg ngemizuzwana engu-30 njeLolu hlelo luphindaphinda isivinini sezindlela ezijwayelekile ngama-20, ngomthamo ongafika ku-1 million kg ngosuku kanye nokuchezuka kwe-Brix okungu-0,2% kuphela. Lokhu kugxuma kokukhiqiza nokunemba kuhambisana nokuzibophezela komkhakha wewayini waseSpain ekulimeni okunembayo kwe-viticulture, okubone ukutshalwa kwezimali okungaba ngu-€170-180 wezigidi kule minyaka emihlanu edlule. ISpain, ene-13% yendawo yesivini somhlaba kanye nesabelo esibalulekile sokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke, izozuza kakhulu ekuxilongeni okusheshayo nokuthembekile.

Kusetshenziswa ukwatapheya, i-Neolithics ithi uhlelo lwayo Ibikezela isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokunemba okungu-90%.Ngaphezu kokulinganisa izinto ezomile, ukuqina, nokubola kwesiqu, isixazululo singahlanganiswa nemishini yokuhlunga ekhona noma amayunithi okuhlola azimele. Ngokusebenzisana nomsabalalisi we-Granot (Israel), ubuchwepheshe buyaqinisekiswa elabhorethri yomhlaba wangempela ye-R&D ukuze bulungiselelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiso.

E-Spain, imboni kakotapheya igxile ikakhulukazi esifundeni sase-Axarquía, nokuningi Amahektha angama-20.500 ukwandisa. Ukuthuthukisa ukuvuthwa nokuhlelwa kokuqaliswa kwemakethe ngobuchwepheshe kusiza ukuthuthukisa inzuzo ngaphandle kokwandisa indawo etshalwayo futhi kuthatha izinyathelo zokukhiqiza okuzinzile. Umthamo wamanzi awubalulekile: ulinganiselwa kumalitha ayi-1.100 ngekhilo likakotapheya (uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso samalitha angama-875 ngekhilo lezinye izithelo), ngakho-ke. Ukunciphisa imfucuza kuvimbela nokumosha amanzi.

Isiko, imakethe, kanye nendima yaseMexico

I-Mexico ihamba phambili emhlabeni ngokukhiqiza ukwatapheya, enezifunda ezifana nalezi UMichoacán phambiliIzinga nokutholakala kwesithelo kwenza izwe libe ngumnikezeli omkhulu ezimakethe ezifana ne-United States, kanye ne-Japan, i-Spain, ne-Germany. Lesi sikhundla esiholayo siqinisa isidingo samathuluzi avumela ukuhlukaniswa okunembile nokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi, ukuxhumanisa ukuvuna, ukuvuthwa, kanye nokuthutha ngezinga lamazwe ngamazwe.

I-anecdote enelukuluku mayelana nesithwebuli eJalimane ikhombisa ukuhlangana kwamasiko nobuchwepheshe. Ngenkathi emakhaya amaningi aseLatin America abantu "bazi ukuthi bangakhetha kanjani" ngenxa yesiko nokusebenza, i ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa esitolo Inganciphisa ukungabaza, ithuthukise ukuzizwisa kwamakhasimende, futhi yehlise imbuyiselo. Akukhona mayelana nokushintsha ukuthinta kochwepheshe, kodwa kumayelana nokwenza kufinyeleleke kulabo abangenakho noma abaphatha izinkulungwane zezingcezu ngehora.

Izinzuzo zezempilo nezomsoco zikakotapheya

Ngaphandle kokuba mnandi, ukwatapheya uminyene ngokomsoco. Wonke amagremu ayi-100 ahlinzeka cishe ... I-160 kcal, i-15 g yamafutha kanye ne-7 g ye-fiberIqukethe amanani amancane amaprotheni emifino. Iphrofayili yayo ye-lipid ikhuthaza impilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, isiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol ye-LDL futhi ikhuphule i-HDL cholesterol. Futhi iwumthombo omuhle wamavithamini E, C, K, namavithamini B amaningana, kanye namaminerali afana ne-potassium, i-magnesium, ne-phosphorus.

Isithombe esivelayo sicacile: i-AI ethi, isebenzisa izithombe ezinyakazayo, isivele ifinyelela ukunemba okucishe kube ngu-92% ekuqineni futhi idlule i-84% ​​ekutholeni ukuwohloka kwangaphakathi; amaphrojekthi ezimboni ukuthi Benza ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi benze inqubo yokuvuthwa ibe yidijithali (I-Arpodes, i-Evocato) kanye nezixazululo ze-hyperspectral ezifana ne-Neolithics ezithatha ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kwelinye izinga; umkhankaso wokunciphisa udoti ocishe ube ngama-30% emhlabeni jikelele; kanye nomkhiqizo onesisindo esikhulu sezomnotho nokondleka ozuza ezinqumweni ezinolwazi olungcono emkhakheni, inqolobane, isitolo nasekhaya.