Ikhompyutha ye-EDVAC: Ukubheka idizayini yezobuchwepheshe yekhompyutha yokuqala kanambambili
Kusukela ngawo-1940, ukuvela kwamakhompiyutha kuye kwaphawula ingqopha-mlando emlandweni wezobuchwepheshe, futhi elinye lamaphayona kule ndawo yiKhompyutha ye-EDVAC. Ngokuklama kwayo okuguquguqukayo nokugxila kungqondongqondo kanambambili, le divayisi ibe yisibonelo esihle sokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zekhompyutha zakuqala. Kulesi sihloko, sizongena emhlabeni wezobuchwepheshe weKhompiyutha ye-EDVAC, sihlole ukwakheka kwayo, ukusebenza kanye negalelo kukhompyutha yesimanje.
1. Isingeniso kuKhompyutha ye-EDVAC: Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo komlando kanye nokuhambisana kwamanje
Ikhompiyutha ye-EDVAC, noma i-Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer, bekungenye yamakhompiyutha e-elekthronikhi anenhloso ejwayelekile ukuthi athuthukiswe ngeminyaka yawo-1940s. namuhla. Okulandelayo, sizohlola ukuvela kwayo komlando kanye nokuhambisana okusenakho emhlabeni wekhompuyutha.
I-EDVAC yaklanywa futhi yakhiwa ithimba lososayensi nonjiniyela eliholwa uJohn von Neumann eNyuvesi yasePennsylvania. Lo mshini wawungowokuqala ukusebenzisa i-architecture ye-Von Neumann, eyahlukanisa iyunithi yokulawula nenkumbulo, ngaleyo ndlela ivumela ukugcinwa kohlelo. Lokhu kwaba ukuthuthuka okukhulu kunamakhompiyutha angaphambili, obekudinga ukufakwa kwezintambo ngesandla kwezinhlelo.
Namuhla, izimiso nemiqondo eyethulwe yi-EDVAC ihlala ibalulekile embonini yekhompyutha. Izakhiwo ze-Von Neumann seziphenduke indinganiso yemiklamo yesimanje yamakhompyutha, yenza kube lula ukuhlela nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla okugcina izinhlelo enkumbulweni anikeze amandla ukudalwa kwamasistimu okusebenza athuthukile kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu esizisebenzisa nsuku zonke.
2. Ukwakhiwa kweKhompiyutha ye-EDVAC: Izingxenye nokusebenza okuningiliziwe
Ukwakhiwa kwekhompyutha ye-EDVAC kuyisihloko esibalulekile emkhakheni wekhompyutha. Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwe izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze zinikeze ukusebenza okuningiliziwe nokusebenza kahle. Okulandelayo, sizochaza ngayinye yalezi zingxenye ngokuningiliziwe:
1. Iyunithi yokulawula: Iwubuchopho bekhompyutha ye-EDVAC, ephethe ukuxhumanisa nokulawula yonke imisebenzi. Inesibopho sokuhumusha imiyalelo yohlelo egcinwe enkumbulweni, ithumele amasignali afanelekile ezingxenyeni ezihlukene futhi iqinisekise ukuqaliswa kwayo okufanele.
2. Iyunithi ye-Arithmetic-Logic (UAL): Iphethe umsebenzi we-arithmetic kanye nokusebenza okunengqondo kwekhompyutha ye-EDVAC. Yakhiwe ngochungechunge lwamasekhethi e-elekthronikhi avumela ukuhlanganisa, ukususa, ukuphindaphinda, ukuhlukanisa, nokuqhathanisa kanambambili. I-UAL isebenza eduze neyunithi yokulawula ukuze ikhiphe imiyalelo futhi yenze izibalo ezidingekayo.
3. Imemori: Imemori yekhompyutha ye-EDVAC igcina kokubili izinhlelo kanye nedatha edingekayo ekusebenzeni kwayo. Yakhiwe ngochungechunge lwamaseli akwazi ukugcina ulwazi ngendlela kanambambili. Imemori ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: inkumbulo yedatha (RAM) kanye nememori yohlelo (ROM). Eyangaphambili ivumela ukufunda nokubhala idatha, kuyilapho eyakamuva isetshenziselwa ukugcina uhlelo olulawula ukusebenza kwekhompyutha.
3. Ukuklama nokuthuthukiswa kweKhompiyutha ye-EDVAC: Inqubo kanye nendlela yobuchwepheshe
Ikhompyutha ye-EDVAC yaklanywa futhi yathuthukiswa kusetshenziswa inqubo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Le nqubo igxile ekuzuzeni umklamo osebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle. Okugxilwe kakhulu kukho kwakuwukuqaliswa kwesistimu ye-electronic random access memory (RAM), okwakuwushintsho olusha ngaleso sikhathi.
Umklamo we-EDVAC wawubandakanya ukwakhiwa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile ezimbalwa. Enye yazo kwakuyi-control unit, ephethe ukuxhumanisa ukusebenza kwekhompyutha. Iyunithi ye-arithmetic-logical (ALU) nayo yafakwa ukwenza imisebenzi yezibalo nenengqondo. Ukwengeza, uhlelo lwe-input/output (I/O) lwathuthukiswa ukuze luvumele ukusebenzisana namadivayisi we-peripheral.
Ukuze kuzuzwe indlela ephumelelayo yezobuchwepheshe, kwasetshenziswa intuthuko yakamuva kuma-electronics nama-microprocessors. Umklamo wawususelwe kumasekethe ahlanganisiwe kanye namasu okuklama okusizwa ngamakhompiyutha (CAD) asetshenziswa ukuze kwenziwe lula inqubo. Lokhu kuvumele ukwenziwa kancane kancane kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, okwenza i-EDVAC ibe ikhompuyutha esebenza kahle kakhulu ngesikhathi sayo.
4. Izici nezinzuzo zeKhompiyutha ye-EDVAC: Ukusebenza okuvelele kanye namakhono
Ikhompyutha ye-EDVAC, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer, ingumshini wokucubungula idatha owaphawuleka ngokusebenza kwawo namandla. Izici ezivelele zale khompyutha enamandla zizochazwa ngezansi:
- Umthamo wesitoreji: I-EDVAC yayinememori yokufinyelela engahleliwe (RAM) yamagama ayi-1000, evumela ukugcinwa komthamo ophezulu. Lesi sici besibalulekile ekucubunguleni inani elikhulu lolwazi ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
- Isivinini sokucubungula: Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamashubhu e-vacuum, ikhompuyutha ye-EDVAC ifinyelele isivinini sokubala esimangalisayo ngesikhathi sayo. Lokhu kwavumela imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi yenziwe kanye nezinhlelo ukuthi zenziwe ngezikhathi ezifushane kakhulu kuneminye imishini yangaleso sikhathi.
- Amandla wokuhlela: I-EDVAC yaphayona ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokuhlela egciniwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingagcina izinhlelo kumemori yayo futhi izisebenzise ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibinohlelo lokuphazamiseka olwavumela ukwenziwa kohlelo ukuthi kumiswe ukuze kubhekwane nemisebenzi ephuthumayo noma ebaluleke kakhulu.
5. Izicelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kweKhompiyutha ye-EDVAC: Iminikelo kusayensi nezimboni
Ikhompiyutha ye-EDVAC iguqule kokubili isayensi nezimboni ngokunikeza inkundla yekhompyutha esebenza kahle nethembekile. Ngamakhono awo okucubungula athuthukile, lo mshini wenze umnikelo obalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokufunda kanye nezicelo ezisebenzayo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zekhompuyutha ye-EDVAC nomthelela wayo kwisayensi nasembonini:
- Umuthi: Ikhompyutha ye-EDVAC inikeze amandla intuthuko ebalulekile emkhakheni wezokwelapha, okuvumela ukulingisa amamodeli ayinkimbinkimbi ukusiza ocwaningweni lwezifo nokudala imithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono layo lokuhlaziya amanani amakhulu wedatha lalibalulekile ekuhlaziyeni izithombe zezokwelapha kanye nokuxilongwa kwezifo.
- Ucwaningo lwenuzi: Ukumodela kanye nokulingiswa kwezinto zenuzi kwakuyinkambu lapho ikhompuyutha ye-EDVAC yadlala indima ebalulekile. Ikhono lakhe lokwenza izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokukhiqiza kabusha izimo ezinamandla amakhulu asizwa ekuthuthukisweni nasekuqondeni ukuhlukana kwezikhali zenuzi, kuvula indlela yentuthuko emandleni enuzi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezikhali zenuzi.
- Ubunjiniyela: Ikhompyutha ye-EDVAC ithuthukise ubunjiniyela ezicini ezahlukahlukene. Kusukela ekwakhiweni nasekuhlaziyweni kwezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha, ikhono le-EDVAC lokulingisa izimo ezimbi kakhulu nokwenza izibalo zezinombolo ezisheshayo linikeze amandla inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwebhuloho, i-aeronautics, kanye nemboni yezimoto.
Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje zendlela ikhompuyutha ye-EDVAC eguqule ngayo isayensi nezimboni. Umthelela wayo weqa imingcele futhi wabeka isisekelo sokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwamakhompiyutha ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela ocwaningweni lwesayensi kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwezinqubo zezimboni.
6. Izinzuzo nezinselele zeKhompiyutha ye-EDVAC: Ukuhlaziywa okubalulekile kokuqaliswa kwayo
IKhompiyutha ye-EDVAC yaba impumelelo emlandweni wekhompiyutha, njengoba yethula inani lezinzuzo ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuvumele ukucutshungulwa kwedatha ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa namakhompyutha angaphambili. Lokhu kwakungenxa yedizayini yayo emisha esekelwe ekwakhiweni kwe-von Neumann, ehlanganisa iyunithi yokulawula kanye neyunithi yokucubungula emaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-EDVAC yayinenkumbulo ye-elekthronikhi eyayivumela ukuthi izinhlelo nedatha igcinwe, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi.
Enye inzuzo ye-EDVAC kwaba ikhono layo lokusingatha izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngempumelelo kakhudlwana, ngenxa yeyunithi yayo yokusebenza kwe-arithmetic nokusebenza okunengqondo. Lokhu kubangele ukwanda okukhulu kokukhiqiza emisebenzini yesayensi nokubalwa kwezibalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-EDVAC isungule ukusetshenziswa kwemiyalo kanambambili nelandelanayo, eyenza izinhlelo zibe lula futhi yenze kube lula ukusebenzisana nabasebenzisi.
Nakuba IKhompyutha ye-EDVAC inamandla amaningi, iphinde yabhekana nezinselelo ekusetshenzisweni kwayo. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu kwaba ukuntuleka kwezinsiza zobuchwepheshe kanye nezezimali ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Ukwakhiwa kwale khompuyutha kwakudinga ukubambisana kwethimba lemikhakha eminingi yososayensi abaqeqeshwe kakhulu, ochwepheshe bezibalo nochwepheshe, okwakusho izindleko ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswe ku-EDVAC babusezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthuka, okusho ukuthi bulinganiselwe mayelana nomthamo wokugcina kanye nesivinini sokucubungula.
7. Umthelela kanye nefa leKhompuyutha ye-EDVAC: Ithonya ekuguqukeni kwezinhlelo zekhompyutha
Ikhompiyutha ye-EDVAC, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer, yasungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1940 futhi yaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuguqukeni kwezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha. Iminikelo yakhe yokuguquguquka ivule indlela yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo emkhakheni wekhompyutha.
Ifa lekhompyutha ye-EDVAC lingafingqwa ngezici ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- Isakhiwo sesitoreji nohlelo: I-EDVAC yethule umqondo wokugcinwa kwe-elekthronikhi, ovumele abahleli bohlelo ukuthi bagcine imiyalelo nedatha ngqo kumemori yekhompyutha. Lokhu kusungulwa kwavula indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha ezithuthuke kakhulu nezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimi zokuhlela: I-EDVAC ibe iphayona ekuthuthukisweni kwezilimi zokuhlela ezisezingeni eliphezulu, njengolimi lokuhlanganisa, okwenze abahleli bohlelo bakwazi ukubhala imiyalelo ngendlela eqondwa kakhulu ngabantu. Lokhu okusha kwenze kwaba lula ukuhlela nokuthuthukisa isoftware eyinkimbinkimbi.
- Intuthuko kumthamo wokubala: I-EDVAC bekungenye yamakhompyutha okuqala ukusebenzisa isistimu kanambambili ukwenza izibalo. Lokhu kuqaliswa kwesistimu kanambambili kwavula indlela yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo emkhakheni wezokwakha amakhompyutha futhi kwavumela ukusebenza kwezibalo okusheshayo nokunembe kakhudlwana.
Ngamafuphi, ikhompuyutha ye-EDVAC ibe nomthelela ohlala njalo ekuguqukeni kwezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha. Isakhiwo sayo sesitoreji, izilimi zokuhlela, namandla ekhompyutha kwabeka isisekelo sentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo kulo mkhakha. Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe obuningi nemiqondo ethuthukiswe yi-EDVAC isalokhu ibalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwamakhompyutha esimanje.
8. Izincomo zokulondolozwa nokufundwa kweKhompiyutha ye-EDVAC: Amathuluzi adingekayo nezinsiza
Ukulondolozwa nokufundwa kweKhompiyutha ye-EDVAC kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuvela komlando wekhompiyutha. Nazi ezinye izincomo kumathuluzi nezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe le nqubo ngempumelelo nangokunembile:
1. Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezikhethekile:
- Kunconywa ukuthi kube nemishini ekhethekile yokugcina nokubuyisela izingxenye zomzimba ze-EDVAC Computer, njengamakhadi e-punch, izintambo kanye nemishini yokugcina.
- Kuyadingeka ukuthi ube namathuluzi anele okuphatha izingxenye ezintekenteke zomshini, njengezikulufi eziqondile kanye nama-tweezers antistatic.
2. Isofthiwe yokulingisa:
- Ukwenza izifundo nezivivinyo kuKhompyutha ye-EDVAC ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ubuqotho bayo, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kusetshenziswe isofthiwe yokulingisa. Lolu hlobo lwesofthiwe luvumela ukuphinda udale ukuziphatha komshini endaweni ebonakalayo, ukwenza kube lula ukuhlaziya nokuhlola ngesistimu.
- Kubalulekile ukukhetha isofthiwe yokulingisa ethembekile ehambisana neKhompyutha ye-EDVAC, enezinketho zokulingisa kokubili ihadiwe kanye nesistimu yokusebenza yangaleso sikhathi.
3. Amafayela edijithali namadokhumenti:
- Kubalulekile ukuba namakhophi edijithali ezinhlelo zangempela kanye nedatha esetshenziswa neKhompyutha ye-EDVAC. Lawa mafayela kufanele agcinwe ngefomethi efinyelelekayo futhi ehambisana nesofthiwe yokulingisa esetshenzisiwe.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyatuswa ukuthi kuqoqwe futhi kuhlelwe wonke amadokhumenti afanelekile mayelana neKhompyutha ye-EDVAC, njengamamanyuwali obuchwepheshe, imininingwane ebekiwe, namarekhodi omlando. Lolu lwazi luzobaluleka ekuqondeni ukusebenza nokubaluleka komshini.
9. I-EDVAC Computer Associated Technologies: Intuthuko Ehlobene Nezicelo Ezizayo
Uma ukhuluma ngobuchwepheshe obuhlobene neKhompyutha ye-EDVAC, kubalulekile ukusho intuthuko ehlobene evele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Enye yeminikelo eyinhloko ukuqaliswa kwe-microprocessors, eye yavumela ukwanda kwamandla okucubungula idatha yamakhompyutha. Lawa ma-chips amancane aguqule imboni futhi avumele ukudalwa kwamadivayisi asebenza kahle futhi anamandla.
Enye intuthuko ebalulekile ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokugcina, ngokwakhiwa kwama-hard drive namadrayivu aqinile. Lawa madivaysi avumela ukugcinwa kolwazi oluningi, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukuphathwa kwedatha eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithuthuke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvela kwememori ye-RAM kuvumele ukufinyelela ngokushesha kudatha nokusebenza okungcono kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zekhompyutha.
Mayelana nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi esizayo, kulindeleke ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuhlobene neKhompyutha ye-EDVAC buzoqhubeka nokushintsha futhi bunikeze izixazululo ezikhulayo ezikhulayo. Ukuthuthuka kwezobuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini kuzovula amathuba amasha emikhakheni efana nezokwelapha, ezokuthutha, kanye nezokuphepha. Ngokufanayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezingokoqobo nezingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona kuzoshintsha indlela esisebenzisana ngayo namakhompyutha, kuvumele ukuzizwisa okugxilile kakhulu nokungokoqobo.
10. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amakhompyutha esikhathi sawo: Amandla nomehluko omkhulu
Ikhompiyutha ye-ZX Spectrum, eyakhishwa ngo-1982, yagqama phakathi kwamanye amakhompyutha angaleso sikhathi ngenxa yamandla abalulekile nomehluko. Ngezansi ukuqhathanisa okuningiliziwe neminye imishini edumile ngaleso sikhathi.
1. I-Commodore 64:
- I-ZX Spectrum ibithengeka kakhudlwana emphakathini uwonke, iyenze ibe enye indlela engabizi kakhulu ku-Commodore 64.
- Nakuba i-Commodore 64 yayinamandla amakhulu enkumbulo namandla ehluzo angcono, i-ZX Spectrum yagqama kumngane wayo ongenakuhlukaniswa: ikhibhodi. Ngokungafani ne-Commodore 64, i-ZX Spectrum ifake okhiye benjoloba abanikeze umuzwa wokuthayipha osheshayo futhi onethezeke kakhudlwana.
2.I-Apple II:
- Ngokungafani ne-Apple II, i-ZX Spectrum ayidingi ukuthi ithelevishini isebenze. I-ZX Spectrum ingaxhunywa ngokuqondile kusiqapha noma ithelevishini enokufakwa kwevidiyo eyinhlanganisela.
- Nakuba yomibili le mishini inezinhlobo eziningi zemidlalo nezinhlelo zokusebenza, i-ZX Spectrum igqame ngekhathalogi yayo ehlaba umxhwele yemidlalo ethuthukiswe umphakathi kanye nokweseka kwayo ukwakhiwa kwesoftware ezimele. Umphakathi we-ZX Spectrum wawuyingqalabutho ekwakhiweni kwemidlalo yasekhaya kanye nokushintshisana ngezinhlelo ngomagazini abakhethekile.
3. I-PC ye-IBM:
- Nakuba i-IBM PC yayaziwa ngamandla ayo nekhono lokusebenzisa isofthiwe yebhizinisi esebenza kahle kakhulu, i-ZX Spectrum yaziwa ngosayizi wayo ohlangene kanye nokuphatheka kwayo. Ukwazi ukuthutha i-ZX Spectrum noma yikuphi kwakungenye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zale khompyutha.
- Nakuba i-ZX Spectrum inamandla amancane okucubungula kune-IBM PC, umphakathi wonjiniyela wasebenzisa ngokugcwele izinsiza zawo ezilinganiselwe. I-ZX Spectrum yayiwumthombo obalulekile wabathuthukisi abaningi nabahleli bohlelo, ebavumela ukuthi bafunde izinto eziyisisekelo endaweni efinyeleleka kalula futhi ethengekayo.
11. Imibono Yengcweti Kukhompyutha ye-EDVAC: Ukuhlola Nokuhlaziya Okubalulekile
Ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe kweKhompyutha ye-EDVAC:
Ikhompyutha ye-EDVAC ithathwa njengenye yamakhompiyutha e-elekthronikhi anenhloso evamile athuthukiswa ngeminyaka yawo-1940. Ochwepheshe emlandweni wekhompyutha benze ukuhlola okubucayi nokuhlaziya lo mshini omusha, banikeze imibono eyisisekelo ukuze baqonde umthelela wawo emkhakheni wekhompyutha. .
Esinye sezici eziqokonyiswe ngochwepheshe i-architecture ye-von Neumann ehlanganiswe ne-EDVAC Computer. Lesi sakhiwo sivumele kokubili idatha nemiyalelo ukuthi igcinwe kumemori efanayo, eguqule indlela ulwazi olucutshungulwe futhi lusetshenziswe ngayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla ayo okugcina kanye nesivinini sokucubungula kwakuphawuleka ngesikhathi saso, ukuphayona imiqondo ehlukahlukene eyisisekelo kukhompyutha namuhla.
Elinye iphuzu ochwepheshe abaligqamisile ngumnikelo we-EDVAC Computer ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe. Ngenxa yomklamo wawo namandla okubala, lo mshini wasetshenziselwa ukwenza izivivinyo ezihlukahlukene zesayensi, ezifana nokulingisa, izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezibalo kanye nokuhlaziya idatha. Lokhu kuvumele inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ezindaweni ezifana ne-physics, imithi kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi ngokujwayelekile, ukubeka izisekelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zekhompuyutha ezizayo.
12. Iziphetho mayelana neKhompyutha ye-EDVAC: Iminikelo, imikhawulo kanye nemibono
Kulo lonke lolu cwaningo kukhompuyutha ye-EDVAC, sikwazile ukuhlaziya futhi sazisa iminikelo yayo ebalulekile emkhakheni wekhompyutha. Esinye sezici ezivelele kakhulu ukuklama kwayo okusha, okwabeka izisekelo zokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zekhompuyutha zesikhathi esizayo. Amakhono okugcina idatha we-EDVAC nokucubungula abe yinguquko ngesikhathi sawo futhi abeke isisekelo samadivayisi ekhompyutha wesimanje.
Nokho, kubalulekile futhi ukusho ukulinganiselwa kwekhompyutha ye-EDVAC. Ngaphandle kokuthuthuka kwayo kwezobuchwepheshe, amandla ayo okubala abenomkhawulo uma kuqhathaniswa namasistimu amanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usayizi nezindleko zokukhiqizwa kwe-EDVAC bekungavumelekile kubasebenzisi abaningi. Le mikhawulo, nakuba iqondakala uma kubhekwa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yangaleso sikhathi, igqamisa ukubaluleka kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo emkhakheni wekhompyutha.
Ngokuqondene namathemba esikhathi esizayo, kuyajabulisa ukucabanga ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha buzoqhubeka kanjani nokuvela emashumini eminyaka ezayo. I-EDVAC yabeka izisekelo zezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha zanamuhla, kodwa kuningi okusazotholwa futhi kuthuthukiswe. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ezindaweni ezinjengobuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-quantum computing, nobuchwepheshe bokugcina, kungalindelwa ukuqanjwa okumangalisayo nakakhulu esikhathini esizayo. Ikhompyutha ye-EDVAC iyisiqalo nje sendlela egcwele amathuba.
Q&A
Umbuzo 1: Iyini ikhompyutha ye-EDVAC futhi yini umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko?
Impendulo: Ikhompiyutha ye-EDVAC, noma i-Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer, ingumshini we-elekthronikhi onenhloso evamile owaklanyelwe ukucubungula nokwenza imisebenzi eminingi yokubala neyekhompyutha. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukwenza imisebenzi yezibalo nenengqondo ngendlela efanele.
Umbuzo 2: Yasungulwa nini futhi ubani?
Impendulo: Ikhompyutha ye-EDVAC yasungulwa phakathi neminyaka yawo-1940 ithimba lososayensi elaliholwa nguJohn von Neumann. Umklamo wokuqala wenziwa ngo-1944, futhi waqedwa ngo-1949 ngokwakhiwa kwe-prototype yokuqala esebenzayo.
Umbuzo 3: Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko zekhompyutha ye-EDVAC?
Impendulo: I-EDVAC bekungenye yamakhompyutha ohlelo olugcinwe ngedijithali. Ibinomthamo wenkumbulo obalulekile, negama elingu-44-bit kanye nomthamo wokugcina wamagama acishe abe ngu-1,000. Isebenzise amashubhu e-vacuum njengezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi futhi yasebenzisa amakhodi kanambambili ukumela idatha nezinhlelo.
Umbuzo 4: Yimuphi umthelela owaba nawo ikhompuyutha ye-EDVAC ekuguqukeni kwamakhompyutha?
Impendulo: I-EDVAC yayiyingqopha-mlando ebalulekile emlandweni wamakhompyutha ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo sohlelo olugciniwe, kamuva okwaba indinganiso yamakhompyutha esimanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono layo lokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezigcinwe enkumbulweni yaqeda isidingo sokuxhuma ngesandla nokulungisa amadivaysi angaphandle, okuvumela izinga elikhulu lokuzenzakalelayo ekucutshungulweni kwedatha.
Umbuzo 5: Kwakuyini ukulinganiselwa kanye nezinselelo zekhompuyutha ye-EDVAC?
Impendulo: I-EDVAC yayiwumshini oyinkimbinkimbi owawudinga amandla amakhulu futhi ukhiqize ukushisa okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye zayo ze-elekthronikhi, njengamashubhu e-vacuum, zazisengozini yokwehluleka futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa njalo. Omunye umkhawulo obalulekile kwakuyijubane layo lokucubungula, elalihamba kancane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa namakhompyutha anamuhla.
Umbuzo 6: Yayiyini ifa lekhompyutha ye-EDVAC emlandweni wamakhompyutha?
Impendulo: I-EDVAC yabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwamakhompiyutha athuthuke kakhulu futhi yasungula izimiso zokuklama ezaholela ekwakhiweni kohlelo olugciniwe, oluseyisisekelo kumasistimu amaningi wekhompyutha namuhla. Umthelela wakhe usaqhubeka nanamuhla futhi ifa lakhe lingabonakala ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha.
Amazwana okugcina
Ngamafuphi, ikhompuyutha ye-EDVAC ibiyintuthuko ebalulekile emlandweni wekhompyutha. Ukwakheka kwayo okusekelwe ezinhlelweni ezigciniwe kwabeka isisekelo sezizukulwane ezizayo zamakhompiyutha futhi umnikelo wayo ekuthuthukisweni kwekhompyutha yesimanje awunakuphikwa. Nakuba amandla ayo okucutshungulwa nawokugcina abenomkhawulo uma kuqhathaniswa namakhompyutha anamuhla, bekuyingqopha-mlando ebalulekile ngesikhathi sayo.
I-EDVAC ibonise ukuthi imiqondo ye-Boolean logic, amarejista, nemiyalelo elandelanayo ingahlanganiswa kanjani ukuze kwenziwe izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Idizayini yayo eyimojula kanye nokugxila ekusebenzeni kahle kanye nesivinini kwabeka isisekelo salokho okwakuyoba izindinganiso zamakhompyutha akamuva.
Naphezu kokubaluleka kwayo ngokomlando, i-EDVAC ayizange isetshenziswe kabanzi ngenxa yezindleko zayo, ubukhulu, nobunkimbinkimbi bezinhlelo. Nokho, yabeka isisekelo sokuvela kwamakhompyutha emashumini eminyaka alandelayo.
Namuhla, singalibona ifa lakhe kumakhompiyutha omuntu siqu, omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompiyutha amakhulu, nezinye izinto zikagesi esizisebenzisayo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Umthelela we-EDVAC emkhakheni wekhompiyutha mkhulu kakhulu futhi umthelela wayo usaqhubeka nanamuhla.
Ngamafuphi, ikhompuyutha ye-EDVAC yayiyingqalabutho emhlabeni wekhompyutha, impumelelo yobuchwepheshe eyavula indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwamakhompyutha esimanje. Igalelo lakhe emlandweni wekhompiyutha lihlala liyisikhumbuzo sobuhlakani nokuzinikela kososayensi bakudala bekhompyutha.