Ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nehadiwe: izingxenye, izinhlobo kanye nokuvela

Abalandeli Abakwe-Inthanethi » Amanethiwekhi omphakathi » Ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nehadiwe: izingxenye, izinhlobo kanye nokuvela

Uma sikhuluma ngamakhompyutha namadivayisi kagesi, sivame ukugxila ezinhlelweni zokusebenza, izinhlelo, noma uhlelo lokusebenza, kodwa asivamile ukuma sicabange ngalokho isethi yezingxenye eziphathekayo Okusala ngemuva kokwenza konke lokho kwenzeke. Leyo sethi yezingxenye eziphathekayo yi-hardware, futhi ngaphandle kwayo, konke ukucabanga bekuyoba nje imigqa yekhodi engenandawo yokusebenza.

Ukuqonda kahle ukuthi iyini i-hardware, ihlelwe kanjani, izinhlobo ezahlukene ezitholakalayo, nokuthi ithuthuke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukwenza okungaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwekhompyutha okuyisisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imakethe yehadiwe yamakhompyutha yomhlaba wonke Ihambisa amakhulu ezigidigidi futhi ikhula minyaka yonke, ngakho-ke asikhulumi nje ngezintambo nezikulufo, kodwa imboni ehlelekile ngaphakathi kobuchwepheshe bolwazi.

Iyini i-hardware futhi ihluke kanjani ku-software?

Ekubaleni, sibiza ihadiwe ngokuthi isethi yezinto ezibonakalayo zesistimu yekhompyuthaYonke into ongayibona noma uyithinte, kusukela kumbhoshongo, ibhodi lomama, nephrosesa kuya kukhibhodi, isikrini, noma iphrinta. Kuhlanganisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, zikagesi, zemishini, neze-electromechanical, ezisebenza ndawonye, ​​zivumela izinhlelo ukuthi zisebenze.

Lezi zingxenye zitholakala kuma-PC edeskithophu, kumakhompyutha aphathekayo, omakhalekhukhwini, ama-game consoles, izimoto zesimanje, nezinto zikagesi ezihlakaniphile; yilowo nalowo uhlanganisa owakhe hardware yangaphakathi ivumelaniswe nohlobo lwemisebenzi okudingeka iyenze. Ngaphakathi kwekhompyutha sihlukanisa phakathi kwehadiwe yangaphakathi (ibhodi lomama, i-CPU, i-RAM, amadiski, ukuphakelwa kwamandla, i-GPU…) kanye nehadiwe yangaphandle noma yangaphandle (imonitha, igundane, ikhibhodi, iskena, izipikha, iphrinta, njll.).

Ngokuphambene nalokho, isofthiwe iyingxenye enengqondo: uhlelo lokusebenza, izinhlelo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, imidlalo yevidiyo, abashayeli, nanoma yini enye. isethi yemiyalelo egcinwa njengedatha futhi enikeza imiyalo kwihadiweIsofthiwe ayibonakali, kodwa iyaphila uma isebenza ezingxenyeni ezibonakalayo zekhompyutha.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwalokhu kokubili buyi-symbiotic: i-hardware ifana nohlaka lwamathambo nemisipha, kuyilapho isofthiwe isebenza njengobuchopho obunquma ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Ngaphandle kwehadiwe, isofthiwe ayikwazanga ukusebenza; futhi ngaphandle kwesofthiwe, i-hardware izohlala ingasetshenziswa. i-inert, ngaphandle kwenhloso echaziwe.

Ukuvela komlando kanye nezizukulwane zehadiwe

Umlando wehadiwe yamakhompyutha uwuchungechunge lwezinguquko zobuchwepheshe ezishintshe ngokuphelele usayizi, izindleko, kanye umthamo wokucubungula umshiniNgokwesiko, sikhuluma ngezizukulwane eziningana eziphawulwe uhlobo lobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi obusetshenziswayo.

Isizukulwane sokuqala (cishe ngo-1945-1956) sasibuswa amaqembu amakhulu asekelwe ku- amashubhu e-vacuum kanye nezingxenye ze-electromechanical ezifana nama-relayAmakhompyutha afana ne-ENIAC ayesebenzisa amakamelo aphelele, asebenzisa amandla amaningi, futhi ayeklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwesayensi noma kwezempi ngokukhethekile.

Esizukulwaneni sesibili (1957-1963), amashubhu e-vacuum athathelwa indawo ama-transistors. Lokhu kwaba yinto entsha: amadivayisi aba mancane, athembeke kakhulu, futhi asebenza kahle. I-logic yahlala ihlukile, kodwa Ukwehliswa kosayizi nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kuvumele ukwakhiwa kwamakhompiyutha angenamandla amancane.ukuvula umnyango wokusetshenziswa kabanzi ezinkampanini nasezikhungweni zocwaningo.

Isizukulwane sesithathu (kusukela ngo-1964 kuze kube manje, kanye nama-nuances athile) sibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe, okungukuthi, ama-silicon chips lapho kuhlanganiswa khona amakhulu, izinkulungwane bese kuba izigidi zama-transistorsUkugxumela kumasekethe adidiyelwe futhi, kamuva, kuya ekuhlanganisweni okukhulu (i-LSI, i-VLSI) kusivumele ukuthi sisuke kuzimele omkhulu wama-60s siye ku- amakhompiyutha Kusukela kuma-80s kuya kumadivayisi anamuhla, anamandla kakhulu futhi ahlangene.

Ababhali abaningi babheka ukubukeka kwe-microprocessor yezentengiselwano (njenge-Intel 4004 ngo-1971) ukumaka ukuqala kwesizukulwane sesine, ngokugxilisa yonke i-CPU ku-chip eyodwa. Abanye babeka lolu shintsho ngokukhuphuka kwamasekethe e-VLSI ekuqaleni kwawo-80. Noma kunjalo, Imingcele ephakathi kwezizukulwane zakamuva ifiphele.ngoba ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuye kwaba kancane kancane kunokuphazamisa.

Uma kuxoxwa ngesizukulwane sesine noma sesihlanu esicatshangelwayo samakhompuyutha, ngokuvamile kugxilwa ekufikeni kobuchwepheshe obudlulela ngale kwe-silicon, njengezinto ezintsha, i-quantum computing, noma imiklamo ehluke kakhulu. Lezi ziphakamiso zikhomba inkathi lapho Ukulinganiselwa okungokwenyama kwama-chip amanje kunganqotshwa ngezakhiwo ezintsha ngokuphelele.

Ihadiwe eyinhloko kanye nehadiwe ehambisanayo

Ngaphakathi kohlelo lwekhompyutha, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwehadiwe eyinhloko (noma eyinhloko) kanye nehadiwe ehambisanayo. ihadiwe eyinhloko (noma eyisisekelo). isethi yezingxenye kubalulekile ukuze ikhompyutha ikwazi ukuqala nokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenzaI-CPU, i-RAM, i-motherboard, uhlobo oluthile lwesitoreji, ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye okungenani idivayisi eyodwa yokufaka/yokukhipha okungenani.

Ngokombono womsebenzisi ojwayelekile, ikhibhodi nemonitha ngokuvamile kuthathwa njengokubalulekile ekusebenzelaneni nesistimu. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni zezimboni noma amasistimu ashumekiwe, ikhompuyutha ingasebenza ngaphandle kwalezi zici futhi ixhumane, isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa amabhodi okuthola idatha, amanethiwekhi, noma izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezithile.

Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezihambisanayo zihlanganisa wonke lawo madivayisi akudingekile ngempela ukuze ikhompuyutha isebenze, kodwa anezela ukusebenza: amaphrinta, izikena, izipikha, amakhamera ewebhu, izifundi zamakhadi, izisetshenziswa zokuthwebula ividiyo, njll. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zingxenye ziba cishe zidingeke ukuze zisebenze ngokunethezeka, kodwa Uhlelo lokusebenza lungaqalisa ngaphandle kokuthi luxhumeke..

Izigaba ezisebenzayo zehadiwe yekhompyutha

Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi umsebenzi usatshalaliswa kanjani ohlelweni lwekhompiyutha, ihadiwe ivamise ukuhlukaniswa ngokuya ngomsebenzi ewenzayo. Ezingeni eliphezulu, yonke ikhompuyutha inezingxenye ezinikezelwe kuzo ukucubungula, ukugcina, ukwamukela nokuthumela ulwazi.

Esigabeni sokucubungula sithola i-Central Processing Unit (CPU) futhi, ngokuya, ezinye izingxenye. amaphrosesa akhethekile njengama-GPUI-CPU yenza imiyalelo, yenza izibalo kanye nokusebenza okunengqondo, futhi ixhumanise ezinye izingxenye, kuyilapho i-GPU igxile imisebenzi ehambisana kakhulu, ikakhulukazi leyo enemifanekiso noma imvelo enzima ngokwekhompyutha.

Esilondolozini sihlukanisa phakathi kwememori eyinhloko noma i-RAM, egcina idatha nezinhlelo ezisetshenziswayo okwesikhashana, kanye nesitoreji sesibili noma esikhulu, njengamadrayivu e-hard disk (ama-HDD). amadrayivu wesimo esiqinile (ama-SSD)Amateyipu kazibuthe noma inkumbulo ye-flash. Okwakamuva kugcina ulwazi ngokuqhubekayo, noma nini Ukunikezwa kwamandla emishinini kunqanyuliwe..

Amadivayisi wokufaka vumela idatha ukuthi ifakwe Uhlelo luhlanganisa: ikhibhodi, igundane, iskena, imakrofoni, isifundi sebhakhodi, idrayivu ye-CD/DVD, njll. Amadivayisi okukhipha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abonisa imiphumela yokucubungula: amamonitha, amaphrinta, izikhulumi, noma ama-consoles.

Kukhona futhi izinto ezihlanganisiwe noma ezifakiwe/eziphumayo, njenge-hard drive, ama-SSD, ama-optical drive, amakhadi enethiwekhi, ama-modem, noma ama-touchscreen. Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, idivayisi Ithola futhi ithumele ulwazi phesheya, edlala indima ekabili ekugelezeni kwedatha.

Izingxenye ezibalulekile zangaphakathi zehadiwe yekhompyutha

Uma sivula ikesi le-PC yedeskithophu noma sihlukanisa i-laptop, sizothola uchungechunge lwezinhlelo izingcezu zokhiye Lezi zakha inhliziyo yekhompyutha. Ziyizingxenye zangaphakathi, lapho zihlanganiswe kahle, ezivumela ikhompyutha ukuthi iqalise, ilayishe uhlelo lokusebenza, futhi isebenzise zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ngamazinga ahlukahlukene okushelela.

motherboard noma motherboard

Ibhodi lomama liyibhodi lesifunda elikhulu eliphrintiwe elisebenza njenge umgogodla wekhompyuthaKulapho i-chipset, amasokhethi eprosesa, amabhange enkumbulo ye-RAM, izindawo zokunweba, izixhumi zamandla nezixhumi zedatha, kanye nenqwaba yamasekhethi amancane ahlanganisiwe adayiswa khona noma axhunywe.

Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngokusekela ngokomzimba nakagesi okuxhuma zonke ezinye izingxenye. Ngamabhasi nokulandela umkhondo wethusi, i-motherboard ivumela i-CPU, i-RAM, i-GPU, izinto zokugcina izinto, nama-peripherals ukuxhumana. Iphinde ilawule ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla, ukuvumelanisa isignali, kanye ukuqapha amapharamitha afana nezinga lokushisa noma ama-voltage kanye nokulawula ukuxhumana kwangaphandle.

Umkhuba eminyakeni yamuva nje ubulokhu uhlanganisa imisebenzi ngokuqondile ebhodini lomama (ividiyo, umsindo, inethiwekhi, izimbobo ze-USB, njll.) futhi, ngokuhambisanayo, ukuhambisa ezinye izilawuli ku-processor ngokwayo ngesimo sezinhlelo «Isistimu ku-Chip (SoC)", kuvame kakhulu kumaselula nakumadivayisi aqinile.

I-Central Processing Unit (CPU noma iprosesa)

I-CPU yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "ubuchopho" bekhompuyutha ngoba yiyona ebhekele humusha futhi enze imiyalelo yohleloI-microprocessor yesimanje ihlanganisa iyunithi yokulawula kanye neyunithi ye-arithmetic logic (ALU) ibe yi-chip eyodwa, ngaphezu kwama-cache angaphakathi nezinye izici.

Ukusebenza kwayo kusekelwe ku- Umjikelezo oqhubekayo wokulanda, ukuqopha, nokwenzaNgesivinini semijikelezo eyizigidigidi ngomzuzwana, i-CPU yenza imisebenzi yezibalo, yenza izinqumo ezinengqondo, futhi ilawula ukushintshaniswa kwedatha nezinye izingxenye.

Kumakhompiyutha anamuhla, kuvamile ukuthola ama-multi-core processors, okungukuthi, ama-cores amaningi okubulala ngaphakathi kwe-chip efanayo evumela. Sabalalisa imisebenzi futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza ezindaweni ezinemisebenzi eminingiAmaseva nama-supercomputer asebenzisa ukucushwa kanye nama-processor amaningi asebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Iprosesa ifakwa kusokhethi ebhodini lomama futhi ihambisana nesistimu ethile yokupholisa, ngokuvamile i-heatsink ye-aluminium noma yethusi kanye nefeni elilodwa noma ngaphezulu. Njengoba ama-microprocessor esebenzisa amashumi noma ngisho nangaphezu kwekhulu lama-watts, Ukulawulwa kokushisa kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe umonakalo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza.

I-RAM nezinye izinhlobo zememori

I-RAM (Random Access Memory) iyimemori eyinhloko yokusebenza kwesistimu. Ibizwa ngokuthi ukufinyelela okungahleliwe ngoba Noma yikuphi ukuma kungafundwa noma kubhalwe ngezikhathi ezifanayo, ngaphandle kokudinga ukuskena ngokulandelana konke okuqukethwe.Ilayisha okwesikhashana isistimu yokusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo, kanye nedatha esetshenzwayo.

Iningi le-RAM elisetshenziswa njengememori eyinhloko yi-DRAM (Dynamic RAM), edinga "ukuvuselelwa" ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze igcine ulwazi ngisho noma ikhompyutha ivuliwe. Iyimemori eguquguqukayo, okusho ukuthi Konke okuqukethwe kwayo kuyalahleka uma ikhompuyutha icishiwe..

Izizukulwane ezimbalwa zamamojula we-RAM ziye zavela eminyakeni edlule: SDR SDRAM, DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4, kanye ne-DDR5 yakamuva. Ukweqa ngakunye kulethe isivinini sokudlulisa idatha esiphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kancane kancane, kanye umthamo omkhulu ngemojuli ngayinyeAmafomethi ajwayelekile aphathekayo amamojula e-DIMM amadeskithophu kanye namamojula we-SO-DIMM wamakhompuyutha aphathekayo.

Ngaphezu kwe-RAM eyinhloko, kunezinye izinhlobo zememori ezinemisebenzi ethile. I-ROM (Inkumbulo Efundwayo Kuphela) igcina ulwazi lokufunda kuphela olungaguquleki, olufana ne-boot firmware (BIOS/UEFI). Inkumbulo yenqolobane, evame ukuhlanganiswa ku-CPU, igcina idatha esetshenziswa njalo nemiyalo ngokushesha okukhulu. I-SRAM (I-RAM Emile) isetshenziswa ngokuqondile kulawa ma-caches ngenxa yayo Isivinini esikhulu kanye nokuzinza, ngokushintshana ngezindleko nosayizi ophezulu.

I-También ikhona izinkumbulo ezingaguquki njenge-NVRAMI-VRAM, egcina idatha ngaphandle kwamandla kagesi, ivame kakhulu kwimemori yefoni, amadrayivu e-USB, kanye nama-SSD. Ensimini yezithombe, i-VRAM isebenza njengememori yokusebenza ezinikele yamakhadi ezithombe, etholakala ngasikhathi sinye yi-GPU kanye nesilawuli sevidiyo.

Imishini yokugcina izinto eziningi

Ukuze kugcinwe idatha isikhathi eside, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okugcina amaningi. Ngokomlando, insika kube yi-hard drive, noma i-HDD, esekelwe kuyo izingcwecwe kazibuthe eziphotha ngesivinini esikhulu namakhanda afunda nokubhala ebusweni bawoAma-hard drive anikeza amandla amakhulu ngentengo ephansi kakhulu nge-gigabyte ngayinye.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-solid-state drive (ama-SSD), asebenzisa i-flash memory engenazo izingxenye ezihambayo, athole indawo. Anikeza izikhathi zokufinyelela kanye nesivinini sokufunda/ukubhala esingcono kakhulu kune-HDD, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi ukuqalisa kwesistimu okusheshayo kanye nokuvulwa kohlelo oluseduze ngokusheshaNgokubuyisela, intengo yayo ngegigabhayithi ngayinye ihlala iphakeme, nakuba iyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lokhu kuphelezelwa enye imidiya yokugcina efana namamemori khadi, amadrayivu e-USB, amadiski optical (CD, DVD, Blu-ray), kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina zenethiwekhi. Ezindaweni ezisebenzayo namaseva, ukuxhumana okufana ne-SATA, SAS, SCSI, noma PCI-Express (NVMe) kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-RAID kusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza futhi kuhlinzeke ngokuphindaphinda uma kwehluleka.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla nokupholisa

Iyunithi yokuphakela amandla (i-PSU) iyingxenye ebophezelekile ekuguquleni amandla ashintshayo ukusuka kugridi kagesi ukuya ugesi oqondile ngama-voltage adingwa yizingxenye ezahlukahlukene zangaphakathi (ngokuvamile i-3,3V, 5V, kanye ne-12V). Ngezixhumi ezahlukene, isabalalisa amandla kubhodi lomama, i-CPU, i-GPU, ama-hard drive, kanye namanye amadivayisi.

Ngaphezu kokunikeza amandla anele, ugesi kumele unikeze ukuzinza kanye nokuvikelwa ekukhuphukeni kwamandla kagesi, ama-short circuits, kanye nokulayisha ngokweqile. Ugesi osezingeni eliphezulu, osayizi ofanele ubalulekile ukuvimbela ukucima kukagesi okungalindelekile, umsindo kagesi, kanye nciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwezingxenye.

Okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwamandla yinkinga yokushisa. Yonke idivayisi kagesi esebenzisa amandla iguqula enye yayo ibe ukushisa, okwenza izinhlelo zokupholisa (amafeni, ama-heat sink, izixazululo zokupholisa uketshezi) zibe yinto ebalulekile. Ukuphathwa kabi kokushisa kungabangela ukuvinjwa, ukuncishiswa kokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo (ukucindezela), noma umonakalo ongalungiseki kuma-chips azwelayo.

Ikhadi lezithombe nehadiwe yezithombe

Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zezithombe zihlanganisa amakhadi ezithombe azinikele namasistimu ezithombe ahlanganisiwe akhelwe kubhodi lomama noma iphrosesa. Ikhadi lezithombe lihlanganisa i-GPU yalo kanye nenkumbulo ezinikele; inhloso yakhona ukusheshisa ukubalwa kwakho konke okuhlobene nokubonakala kwezithombe nemidwebo, ikhulula i-CPU kulowo mthwalo.

Ama-GPU anamuhla anezinkulungwane zama-core futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu ekwenzeni imisebenzi ye-floating-point kanye nokubala okuhambisanayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa emidlalweni yevidiyo, ukugqwayiza, kanye nokuhlela amavidiyo, asethandwa kakhulu emikhakheni efana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukulingisa kwesayensi, kanye nokumbiwa kwe-cryptocurrency, ngaphakathi kwe-GPGPU paradigm (kusetshenziswa i-GPU yokubala okujwayelekile).

Ngaleso sikhathi, amakhompyutha amaningi asekhaya namakhompyutha aphathekayo asebenzisa izisombululo zezithombe ezihlanganisiwe (IGPs), kungaba kubhodi lomama noma ngaphakathi kwe-CPU ngokwayo. Lezi zithombe ezihlanganisiwe zabelana ngenkumbulo eyinhloko yesistimu futhi zinikeza ukusebenza okunesizotha, kodwa ezanele emisebenzini eminingi. imisebenzi yasehhovisi, ukuphequlula iwebhu, ukudlala imidiya ehlukahlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.

Okokufaka, okukhiphayo, nama-peripherals axubile

Umsebenzisi usebenzisana nekhompyutha ngokusebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ezisebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwezwe elingokoqobo neledijithali. Nakuba ziyizesekeli ngokwemfundiso, empeleni eziningi zazo ziyasebenza kubalulekile ekusebenziseni ikhompuyutha okuvamile.

Amadivayisi avamile okokufaka ahlanganisa amakhibhodi, amagundane, izikena, amamakrofoni, amakhamera ewebhu, nezifundi zebhakhodi. Lawa madivayisi avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafake umbhalo, ukunyakaza, izithombe, umsindo, noma idatha efakwe ikhodi, leyo isistimu izobe isiyicubungula ngokuya ngemiyalelo yesofthiwe.

Amadivayisi okukhipha abonisa noma aphinde akhiqize ulwazi olukhiqizwe umshini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amamonitha, amaphrinta, izikhulumi, kanye nama-console okukhipha. Imonitha ivame ukubhekwa njengedivayisi ebalulekile yokukhipha ngoba Ngaphandle kwendlela yokubona ngeso lengqondo okwenzekayo, kunzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa imishini.

Okokugcina, kukhona amadivaysi ayi-hybrid, akwazi ukwamukela nokuthumela idatha. Izibonelo ezicacile zihlanganisa i-hard drive, i-SSD, idrayivu yokubona, ikhadi lenethiwekhi, noma isikrini esithintwayo. Endabeni yesikrini esithintwayo, iphaneli efanayo ngesikhathi esisodwa isebenza njenge- okukhiphayo okubonakalayo kanye nendawo yokufaka yezimpawu kanye nokuthinta, ngokuvamile kuthatha indawo yegundane.

Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, amanethiwekhi kanye nekhompyutha yamafu

Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha azikhawulelwe kukhompuyutha ngayinye: futhi zihlanganisa zonke izisetshenziswa zenethiwekhi ezixhumanisa amakhompyutha ne-inthanethi. Ama-router, amaswishi, izindawo zokufinyelela ze-Wi-Fi, amakhadi enethiwekhi, kanye nama-firewall Bakha ihadiwe yokuxhumana evumelayo ukushintshaniswa kwedatha kumanethiwekhi endawo nawomhlaba wonke.

Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ukukhuphuka kwe-inthanethi nezinsizakalo zamafu kuqhubekisele phambili ukuthunyelwa kwezikhungo zedatha ezinkulu ezigcwele amaseva, iqoqo lokugcina, kanye nemishini ekhethekile yokuxhumana. Nakuba ifu lingase libonakale "lingabonakali" kumsebenzisi wokugcina, ngemuva kwezigcawu kuningi okwenzekayo. izingqalasizinda ezibonakalayo ezigcina futhi zicubungule inqwaba yolwazi.

Muva nje, imiqondo efana ne- ikhomputha yekhompyutha Baphakamisa ukuletha okunye kwalokho kucubungula eduze nalapho idatha ikhiqizwa khona (izinzwa, amadivayisi e-IoT, amakhamera, izimoto, njll.). Lokhu kudinga ukuklama ihadiwe ethile, enamaprosesa, imemori, kanye nama-accelerator e-AI alungiselelwe sebenzisa ama-algorithms endawo ngokusebenzisa amandla aphansi kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansingaphandle kokuncika njalo ngefu.

Indlela yokukhetha nokunakekela ihadiwe yekhompyutha

Uma uhlanganisa noma uthenga ikhompyutha, kubalulekile ukucabangela izidingo zakho zangempela zokusebenzisa. Ngemisebenzi yasehhovisi, ukuphequlula iwebhu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuqukethwe, ukucushwa okulinganiselwe kwanele, kuyilapho Imidlalo ethuthukisiwe, ukuhlela amavidiyo, noma ukusebenza nge-AI kudinga i-CPU enamandla kakhulu, i-RAM eyengeziwe, kanye ne-GPU yezinga elithile..

Ukukhethwa kwebhodi lomama kunquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo (izikhala eziningi ze-RAM, amachweba amaningi, ukusekelwa kwezizukulwane ezintsha zamaphrosesa). Kudingeka futhi ucabangele uhlobo nomthamo wesitoreji, unqume ukuthi uzobeka phambili yini isivinini se-SSD, umthamo we-HDD, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili.

Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuhlola ukuhambisana phakathi kwezingxenye: ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla kunamandla anele nezixhumi zesistimu, ukuthi icala lingakwazi ukwamukela ikhadi lemifanekiso, lelo. isokhethi lebhodi lomama lifana neprosesa ekhethiwe kanti i-RAM iwuhlobo olusekelwayo kanye nemvamisa.

Uma isisetshenziswa, ukunakekelwa kwehadiwe kuba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yayo. Kunconywa ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile uhlanze uthuli olunqwabelene ezimbotsheni nasezifeni, uqaphe amazinga okushisa ngamathuluzi okuqapha, ugcine i-BIOS/UEFI namashayeli evuselelwe, futhi uphathe izingxenye zangaphakathi ngokucophelela. Thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ngokumelene nogesi omile futhi ugweme ukudonsa izintambo noma izixhumi..

Ukwazi, ngisho nasezingeni elivamile, ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yenzani nokuthi ihlobana kanjani komunye nomunye kukuvumela ukuba wenze izinqumo ezihlakaniphile lapho uthenga, uthuthukisa noma ulungisa imishini, kanye nokwazisa kangcono wonke umsebenzi ongemva kwayo lapho sivula idivayisi futhi, okubonakala sengathi “ngomlingo”, Izwe ledijithali liyavela phambi kwamehlo ethu.