Una Umshini wokugaya, iyithuluzi elizungeza ithuluzi eliyindilinga elinochungechunge lwemiphetho yokusika ebekwe ngokulinganayo ekseni yalo; i-workpiece ibanjwe ku-vise noma idivayisi efanayo exhunywe etafuleni elingahanjiswa ngezindlela ezintathu ze-perpendicular. Kulesi sihloko uzothola lonke ulwazi mayelana naleli thuluzi.
Uyini umshini wokugaya?
Umshini wokugaya uchazwa ngokuthi cishe ithuluzi elisetshenziswa kakhulu ezingeni lokukhiqiza izimboni, ezimbonini zokukhiqiza ngemva komshini wokusika. I-Turnstile. Ngokungafani nalo mshini we-lathe, lapho amathuluzi asetshenziswa ukusika iphuzu elilodwa, i umshini wokugaya iyithuluzi isebenzisa into eyaziwa ngokuthi i-multipoint cutting.
Lo mshini ungaqukatha isisiki esisodwa noma eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi uzungezisa ngesivinini esikhulu ukuze ukhiphe insimbi engadingekile ngesivinini esisheshayo. Izinga lokukhishwa kwensimbi liyashesha uma liqhathaniswa nomshini we-lathe. Lo mshini usetshenziselwa ukwakha amagiya ohlobo lwe-spur, futhi unamandla okubhoboza imbobo yesiqeshana sokusebenza futhi ukhiqize ama-grooves.
Yini iMilling?
Ukugaya kuwumsebenzi ovame kakhulu wokwenza imishini ezimbonini. Isho inqubo yokususa impahla, futhi engamisa izici ezahlukahlukene kucezu lokusebenza. Inqubo yokugaya idinga umshini wokugaya, ucezu lokusebenza, into elungiswayo, kanye nesisiki. Ucezu lomsebenzi luwucezu lwempahla eseyakhiwe ngaphambili evikelwe endaweni, exhunywe endaweni yesikhulumi ngaphakathi kwesigayo.
I-cutter iyithuluzi lokusika elinamazinyo abukhali eliphinde livikeleke ku- umshini wokugaya futhi ujikeleze ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngokuphakela i-workpiece kumsiki we-rotary, i-material isikwa kulolu hlelo lokusebenza ngendlela yama-chips amancane ukuze kwakhiwe umumo oyifunayo.
¿Yiziphi izingxenye Zomshini Wokugaya?
Umshini wokugaya, naphezu kokufika ngisho nangamasayizi amancane, uyithuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba wakhiwe izingxenye ezihlukahlukene. Ngezansi ingxenye ngayinye ichazwe kabanzi:
Base
Uyingxenye eyisisekelo yalo mshini, njengoba zonke ezinye izingxenye zihlangene kuwo. Inesibopho sokusekela wonke umthwalo, ngakho-ke kufanele ibe namandla aphezulu okucindezela; senziwe ngensimbi ekhandiweyo.
Ikholomu
Ima iqonde esisekelweni. Ihlobene nedolo, itafula, phakathi kwezinye izingxenye, futhi isebenza njengendlu yazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zokushayela. Ikholomu iyilungu elingenalutho eliqukethe amagiya okushayela futhi ngezinye izikhathi injini yokuphotha kanye netafula.
Knee
Kuyisakhiwo esiyindilinga esisekela ngaphezu kwawo wonke amathebula. Wonke umshini wegiya uqukethwe ngaphakathi kwedolo. Idolo lisekelwa futhi lilungiswe ngesikulufu sokumisa mpo (isikulufu sokuphakama). Isikulufu sokuphakama sisetshenziselwa ukulungisa idolo phezulu naphansi ngokuphakamisa noma ukwehlisa i-lever ngosizo lwamandla okwenziwa ngesandla noma kagesi.
Isaladi
Lesi siqeshana sibekwe phakathi kwetafula nedolo, futhi sisebenza njengengxenye ephakathi phakathi kwabo. Inyakaza ngokuphambana ebusweni bomgogodla, futhi islayidi eziqondisweni ezinikeziwe ezitholakala edolweni elibheke ebusweni bomgogodla. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngokunyakaza endaweni evundlile emsebenzini. Yenziwe ngensimbi eyinsimbi.
Mesa
Kuyisakhiwo esingunxande esikhona phezulu kwethuluzi. Itafula litholakala edolweni. Isekela ucezu lomsebenzi ngenkathi lusakhiwa. Iphinde inikeze kalula ukunyakaza okuqondile ngokuhambisa idolo phezulu naphansi. Iphinde ivumele ukunyakaza okuvundlile ngesikulufu, lokhu kukhiqiza ukunyakaza okuvundlile (okuguquguqukayo) lapho uhambisa isihlalo.
ingalo ekhaliphile
Ingalo isetshenziselwa ukubamba ubakaki we-asi. Ingase ibe nebha eyodwa noma amabili ayisilinda ashelela embotsheni ekukholamu. Yenziwe ngensimbi eyinsimbi.
ukuphotha
I-spindle ingxenye eyinhloko yomshini egcina ithuluzi lisendaweni efanele. Le spindle inikeza idrayivu yabasiki kanye nezinsiza ezisetshenziswa emshinini.
I-Pergola
Lena ingxenye engumshini, esetshenziswa njengengxenye yokunweba okuphothayo emshinini wokugaya ovundlile. Ifakwe ku-axis noma nini lapho kudingekile, inesibopho sokubamba ithuluzi nokuyihambisa ngendlela efanele.
i-pergola isekela
Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezisekelo ze-shaft ezisetshenziswa emshinini wokugaya. Eyokuqala inembobo ene-diameter encane, ububanzi obuyi-intshi engu-1, kanti enye inembobo enkulu egcwele ububanzi, ngokuvamile efika ku-23/4 amayintshi. I-axle bracket ine-oyela yokugcina uwoyela egcoba izindawo ezithwalayo. Ingaxhunywa noma kuphi engalweni.
Ikhanda
Yingxenye engenhla yomshini omile. Iqukethe i-spindle, drive motor nezinye izindlela zokulawula.
Okuyizi Ukusika Amapharamitha?
Ukuze inqubo yokugaya yenziwe ezimweni ezifanele kakhulu, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nochungechunge lwemingcele eqinile. Ukuqina okuphelele komshini kufanele kuqinisekiswe nokuthi unamandla adingekayo ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa umshini amathuluzi mechanical kuwusizo kakhudlwana.
Isivinini sokusika (Vc)
Yileso sivinini se-rectilinear ezungeze isisiki sokugaya noma elinye ithuluzi eliphathwayo ngesikhathi sokugaya. Isivinini sokusika sivezwa ngamamitha ngamayunithi ngomzuzu, futhi lokhu kufanele kukhethwe ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo. Ijubane lokusika liyisici esiyinhloko esibeka isikhathi lapho ithuluzi lizobekwa khona ukusebenza.
Isivinini sokuzungezisa i-spindle (n)
Lokhu kwakhiwa ngokuphenduka ngomzuzu. Kwe imishini yokugaya Kukhona ukukhetha kwesivinini, esisethwe ukusuka ku-motor spin ebalulekile kanye nesivinini se-gearbox esiphelele.
Isivinini sokuya phambili (Va)
Isho isivinini esiphakathi kwengxenye ezosetshenzwa kanye nethuluzi, ngamanye amazwi, isivinini ukusika okuthuthuka ngaso. Isiphakeli kanye ne-radius ye-apex yethuluzi lokusika yizici ezimbili ezibalulekile lapho ukugoqa kwendawo okuzuzwe ekugayweni kuncike kuzo.
Ukujula kokusika (p)
Iwukujula kwejazi elisuswe ebusweni bocezu endaweni eyodwa yethuluzi. Ngokuvamile kuvezwa ngamamilimitha.
Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Zemishini Yokugaya
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemishini yokugaya, ehlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezincane ezimbalwa:
ngenani lezimbazo
Yilokhu okusetha amandla okutsheka komshini. Ngakho-ke, lapho inani lezimbazo likhulu, amathuba amaningi okunyakaza noma izinga elikhulu lenkululeko.
ama-eksisi amathathu
Kungumshini wokugaya owenza ukunyakaza okuyisicaba (X), uqonde (Y) kanye ne-diagonal (Z), lokhu kwakamuva njengomphumela wokwakheka kokunyakaza phakathi kwetafula nokuphotha. Bavuma ukulawula ukunyakaza okuvumelanayo phakathi komshini nengxenye, ku-ax ngayinye emithathu u-X, Y kanye no-Z.
i-axle emine
Lo mshini wokugaya wenza yonke imisebenzi eshiwo ngenhla: ukunyakaza okuvumelanayo phakathi kwengxenye nethuluzi, ku-ax ngayinye emithathu. Kodwa futhi yandisa ithuba lokubhalisa ukuzungezisa, kwenye yezimbazo, sibonga isitsha esiphendukayo. Lolu hlobo lwe imishini yokugaya isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukubumba indawo ngokusebenza emaphethini ashubhu.
ama-eksisi amahlanu
Ngokufanayo, isebenzisa zonke izindlela ezichazwe ezinhlotsheni ezedlule, kodwa yengeza izici ezimbalwa ezintsha. Vumela isiphetho sokuzungezisa ucezu ezimbazweni zalo ezimbili, enye yazo iqonde ophini lokuphotha enye. Esinye isici, ukufinyelela ukuzungezisa kocezu ku-eksisi eyisicaba nokuthi ithuluzi lingatshekiswa lizungeze i-eksisi, liqonde kwedlule.
Ngokuma kwe-eksisi yokuzungezisa
Kulokhu, kunezinhlobonhlobo zemishini yokugaya, echazwe ngezansi:
Umshini wokugaya ngesandla
Iwona mshini wokugaya olula. Kungaba okwekholomu noma uhlobo olungaphezulu, noma futhi okwetafula elibekwe phezu kombhede ongashintshi. Lawa madivaysi ane-spindle flat lapho i-cutter ibekwe khona. I-artboard iyavuma ukwenza umnyakazo ngamunye ochazwe ngenhla ku-eksisi. Inqubekelaphambili yesiqephu esibheke kumshini wokusika wenziwa mathupha, kusetshenziswa isikulufu esiqondile esiqondiswa isondo lesandla noma i-lever.
Umshini wokugaya owodwa
Iyisisekelo kakhulu, kodwa ngokunyakaza okuzenzakalelayo. I-spindle ihamba kancane. Ithebula linesilayidi esiqondile esenziwa sisebenze mathupha, kusetshenziswa isikulufu. Ikalishi limelela ukutsheka komshini, nokuhambisana nepindle.
Umshini wokugaya we-Universal
Ngaphandle, kufana kakhulu ne imishini yokugaya elula; kodwa lezi ziveza umehluko futhi ukuthi umsiki wokugaya uya phansi, ku-spindle. Bakhuliswa ukuze bathole izinga eliphezulu lokuhlukahluka, okuholela ekudaleni okuhle.
Umshini wokugaya ovundlile
Iphinde ibe ne-crankshaft ene-open yomshini wokusika oyisicaba, lapho kufakwa khona ama-tubular milling cutter. I-Said shaft inomlenze wangaphandle, okufanele ulungiswe, eduze kwe-crossbar.
Umshini wokugaya ome mpo
I-axis itholakala perpendicularly, iqonde etafuleni. Iza nethuba lokusebenzisa i-backout encane emaphakathi, enhle kakhulu ekunikezeni i-chiseling ekukaleni. Kulokhu kunezinhlobo ezimbili:
- Umshini wokugaya umbhede ongashintshi
Bayisisekelo esiqinile. Ibhentshi liyisiqephu esisodwa, esinomsebenzi wokusekela itafula lomsebenzi. Ezigayweni zemibhede engaguquki, itafula linyakaza libheke phezulu, uma liqhathaniswa nephini lokuphotha. Lokhu kuhamba ngokuhambisana, ngokuphathelene ne-eksisi yayo ngenkathi inqola ihamba ngokuphambanayo nangobude.
- Umshini wokugaya oyindilinga
Lokhu kuvumela ithuba lokusebenza nge-crossbar eyodwa noma eminingana eqondile, ukuze ngamunye enze umsebenzi ohlukile, ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Itholakala ku-cylindrical ebanzi, ithebula elijikelezayo, lapho ukuslayida kwedivayisi enezitsha kwenzeka.
Imishini Yokugaya Elawulwa Ngezinombolo Yekhompyutha ye-CNC
Lawa amamodeli esistimu. Bakhuliswe ukuze bavumelane nokuhlukahluka ekusabalaliseni kwezinsizakalo. Ibekwe endaweni eyodwa kumavolumu alula wokukhiqiza izingcezu, ivumela ukunemba kokuzenzakalela okunekhono lokushintsha imodeli yengxenye eyodwa iye kwenye ngokufaka uhlelo olufanele.
Ukuphatha ukulawulwa kwezinombolo, idivayisi yokucubungula iphathwa ngokubonga ohlelweni olusebenzisa amadijithi, izinhlamvu nezifanekiselo, ezifakwe ikhodi ngendlela efanele ukuze ucacise uchungechunge lwezinkomba zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi othile.
Imisebenzi eyenziwa ngomshini Wokugaya
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokusebenza ezingenziwa emshinini wokugaya, futhi yilezi:
- Ukusebenza okulula kokugaya
- Umsebenzi wokugaya ubuso
- Umsebenzi wokugcina wokugaya
- Ukusebenza kokugaya ifomu
- T-slot milling operation
- Ukusebenza kokugaya eceleni
- Umsebenzi wokugaya amagiya
- Ukusebenza kokugaya i-Straddle
- Slot milling operation
- Umsebenzi wokugaya amaqembu
Ukusebenza okulula kokugaya
Inesibopho sokudala indawo eyisicaba futhi evundlile, ehambisana ne-eksisi yokuzungezisa. Lokhu kugaywa kwaziwa nangokuthi yi-slab milling. Lo msebenzi uvame kakhulu futhi wenziwa cishe kuyo yonke imisebenzi. Lokhu kungenziwa kuyo yonke imishini yokugaya.
Umsebenzi wokugaya ubuso
Lo msebenzi womshini wenziwa ezindaweni eziqondile ku-axis of the cutter. Umsebenzi wenziwa i-milling cutter elungiswe ku-crankshaft ye-artifact.
Umsebenzi wokugcina wokugaya
Kuyinkambo yokunikeza izindawo eziyisicaba ezingaba zivundlile, ziqonde futhi zibe nge-engeli, kuthathwe njengesibonelo itafula lapho umsebenzi wenziwa khona.
Ukusebenza kokugaya ifomu
Kuyinqubo ezenzakalelayo yamakhonsathi athile ahlelwe njengama-ellipses, imigqa eqondile noma ama-circumferences aphelele, ekusikeni okukodwa. Lo msebenzi wenziwa kusetshenziswa imigoqo egobile, embiwe.
T-slot milling operation
Kungumsebenzi wokukhiqiza izikhala ezimise okwe-T ngocezu lokusebenza kusetshenziswa i-T-slot milling cutter.
Ukusebenza kokugaya eceleni
Umsebenzi wokukhiqiza indawo eqondile neyisicaba emaceleni ocezu lokusebenza ngokusebenzisa umshini wokugaya oseceleni. Umsiki unamazinyo ephrofayilini naseceleni.
Umsebenzi wokusika igiya
Umsebenzi wokukhiqiza izinyo legiya endaweni engenalutho ngokusebenzisa isisiki sokusiza emshinini wokugaya. Iphrofayili yomsiki ifana ncamashi negebe lezinyo legiya
Ukusebenza kokugaya i-Straddle
Kungumsebenzi wokukhiqiza indawo eqondile futhi eyisicaba ezinhlangothini zombili zesiqeshana sokusebenza ngokusebenzisa abasiki ababili abasemaceleni abafakwe ku-spindle efanayo. Ibanga phakathi kwabasiki ababili lilungiswa kusetshenziswa indandatho yesikhala. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza indawo ene-hexagonal noma isikwele.
Slot milling operation
Kungumsebenzi wokukhiqiza umsele ongaphezulu kwendawo yokusebenza ngokusebenzisa isaha lembobo noma isigayo sokuphela. I-workpiece iqiniswe ku-a umshini wokugaya nokulungisa isigayo sokuphela ku-spindle, ukulungisa ukujula kokusika, umsebenzi ubanjwe ngokumelene nomsiki wokugaya ukuze usike i-groove endaweni yokusebenza.
Umsebenzi wokugaya amaqembu
Kuwuhlelo lwezimboni lapho abasiki ababili noma ngaphezulu bokugaya baphathwa "behlanganisiwe" ukuze benze izinqubo ezahlukene zokugaya ngokuhambisana. Ekugayeni kwamaqembu ezigelekeqe, amazinyo agxunyekwa kuzo zombili izinsimbi zokuphotha.
Izinzuzo zomshini wokugaya
Ku umshini wokugaya Kukhona izinzuzo ezilandelayo, okuyizi:
- Ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ngazinye kanye namaqoqo amancane.
- Iyakwazi ukukhiqiza izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi eminingi kanye namathuluzi okusika iphuzu elilodwa.
- Izindleko zokusebenza zingaba nesizotha kakhulu njengoba kusetshenziswa imishini yenhloso evamile kanye nabasiki.
Ukungalungi komshini wokugaya
Lezi yizinto ezimbi ezilandelayo zomshini wokugaya:
- Kubiza kakhulu kunokuphonsa, ukwakheka okubandayo, ukukhishwa, njll.
- Ukuthi lezi zinqubo zinganikeza ukucaba okudingekile, ukuphela kwendawo, nokunemba kobukhulu bengxenye.
- Ukuze kukhiqizwe ngobuningi, kuba kudingekile ngokwezomnotho ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile.
- Zingabiza izigidi zamaRandi, kodwa izindleko ziyathetheleleka lapho usebenza nezisebenzi ezicishe ziqedwe futhi uqinisekisa ukunemba kwemishini nokuphindaphinda.