Emhlabeni oxhumene kakhulu esiphila kuwo, amakhompyutha abe ithuluzi elibalulekile lemisebenzi yethu yansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuncika okukhulayo nakho kuholele ekwenyukeni kwezingozi ze-inthanethi, futhi enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu neziyingozi amagciwane ekhompyutha. Ukuthola ukuthi ikhompyutha yethu inegciwane kungaba nzima kulabo abangenalo ulwazi lobuchwepheshe kulo mkhakha. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izimpawu zekhompuyutha etheleleke ngegciwane nokuthi singanquma kanjani ukuthi isistimu yethu ibe yisisulu esisodwa.
– Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zekhompyutha etheleleke ngamagciwane
Ikhompyutha enegciwane ingase ibonise izimpawu ezihlukahlukene ezingase zibonise ukuba khona kwezinhlelo ezinonya ohlelweni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze uvikele ulwazi olukukhompyutha yakho.
Ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu zekhompyutha enegciwane yilezi:
- Ukwehla kwesistimu: Ikhompyutha ingase ihambe kancane kunokujwayelekile. Imisebenzi eyisisekelo njengokuvula izinhlelo noma ukuphequlula i-inthanethi kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile.
- Ukubonakala kwamawindi azivelelayo: Uma izigelekeqe ziqala ukuvela esikrinini sakho ngaphandle kokucelwa, lokhu kungase kube inkomba yokutheleleka ngegciwane. Lawa mawindi angaqukatha izikhangiso, imilayezo ekhohlisayo, noma izixhumanisi zamawebhusayithi anonya.
- Ukuphahlazeka kwesistimu noma ukuqalisa kabusha okungalindelekile: Uma ikhompuyutha yakho ivamise ukuphahlazeka, ihlangabezana nokuqalisa kabusha okungalindelekile, noma iqhubeka nokubonisa imilayezo yephutha, lokhu kungase kubangelwe igciwane. Lezi zinkinga zingathinta ukuzinza kwesistimu yokusebenza nezinhlelo ezifakiwe.
Lezi zimpawu azigcini nje ngokungenwa yigciwane, njengoba zingabangelwa nezinye izinkinga. Kodwa-ke, uma ezimbalwa zalezi zimpawu zibonakala ngokuphindaphindiwe, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuskena okuphelele kwe-antivirus ukuhlola ukuthi ikhompuyutha ayinalo yini. Ukwengeza, kunconywa ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe, njengokugcina isistimu yokusebenza nezinhlelo zivuselelwe, ukugwema ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo, nokungalandi amafayela emithonjeni engathembekile.
- Izinkomba zokuba khona kwe-malware ohlelweni lwakho lwekhompyutha
Ukuba khona kohlelo olungayilungele ikhompyutha ohlelweni lwekhompiyutha kuwusongo oluqhubekayo nolukhathazayo emhlabeni wedijithali. Ukuhlonza izimpawu zokuba khona kwazo kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka. Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ezingabonisa ukuba khona kwe-malware kusistimu yakho:
1. Ukusebenza kwesistimu enensayo: Uma ikhompuyutha yakho yehlisa ijubane ngokuphawulekayo futhi ithatha isikhathi eside kunokuvamile ukulayisha izinhlelo noma ukwenza imisebenzi elula, lokhu kungase kube uphawu lokutheleleka nge-malware. I-software enonya idla izinsiza zesistimu futhi ibe nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kwayo.
2. Izigelekeqe ezingafunwa kanye Nokuqondisa kabusha: Uma izikhangiso ezizivelelayo zivela ngaphandle kwemvume yakho noma uma uhlangabezana nokuqondiswa kabusha okungafunwa lapho upheqa i-inthanethi, maningi amathuba okuthi isistimu yakho itheleleke. Lokhu kuziphatha okuxakile kujwayelekile kohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha eklanyelwe ukukhiqiza imali ngokukhangisa okungagunyaziwe.
3. Izinguquko ekucushweni nasekuziphatheni: Uma izilungiselelo zakho zasekhaya, ikhasi eliyisiqalo lesiphequluli, noma injini yokusesha ezenzakalelayo ishintshile ngokungalindelekile, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha luguqule izilungiselelo zesistimu yakho. Futhi, uma ubona ukuvela okungazelelwe kwamabha wamathuluzi angaziwa noma izandiso esipheqululini sakho, lokhu kuphinda kubonise ukutheleleka okungenzeka.
- Amathuluzi okuthola nokuhlaziya amagciwane ekhompyutha
Emhlabeni wokuphepha kwamakhompiyutha, ukuba namathuluzi alungile okuthola nokuhlaziya amagciwane ekhompyutha kubalulekile. Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezitholakalayo, ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nokusebenza kwayo. Ngezansi, sizokwethula amanye amathuluzi avelele kakhulu:
1. I-antivirus: Ama-antivirus ayizinhlelo eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukubona, ukuvimba, nokukhipha amagciwane ekhompyutha. Basebenzisa amasu okuhlaziya i-heuristic, ukuhlaziywa kwephethini, nokuziphatha ukuze babone izinsongo nokuvikela uhlelo. Amanye ama-antivirus adumile afaka i-Avast, McAfee, neNorton.
2.Izicishamlilo: Ama-firewall angamathuluzi abalulekile okuthola nokuvikela amagciwane ekhompyutha. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenza njengesithiyo phakathi kwenethiwekhi yangaphakathi neyangaphandle, elawula ithrafikhi engenayo naphumayo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuvimba ukuxhumana okunonya futhi kuhlonzwe izinsongo ezingaba khona. Amanye ama-firewall ajwayelekile yi-ZoneAlarm kanye ne-Comodo Firewall.
3. Izikena zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha: Izikena eziwuhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha zingamathuluzi akhethekile okuthola nokuhlaziya amagciwane nezinye izinhlobo zesofthiwe enonya. Lawa mathuluzi angahlola amafayela, ama-imeyili, izixhumanisi, nezinye izingxenye ngokuziphatha okusolisayo. Ezinye izikena ze-malware ezidumile yi-Malwarebytes kanye ne-Spybot Search & Destroy.
- Izinyathelo zokukhomba nokukhipha amagciwane ekhompyutheni yakho
1. Skena ikhompuyutha yakho ukuze uthole amagciwane
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuhlonzeni nasekukhipheni amagciwane kukhompuyutha yakho ukwenza ukuskena okuphelele usebenzisa isofthiwe ye-antivirus enedumela elihle. Qiniseka ukuthi unenguqulo yakamuva kakhulu yohlelo ngaphambi kokuthi uqale. Qala ukuskena kwesistimu okugcwele ukuze uskene wonke amafayela nezinhlelo ukuze uthole izinsongo ezingaba khona. Ngalesi nqubo, i-antivirus izothola futhi isuse noma yimaphi amagciwane noma uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha elutholayo.
2. Vuselela uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza nesofthiwe
Uma usuqedile ukuskena kokuqala, kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi unezibuyekezo zakamuva ezifakelwe kokubili isistimu yakho yokusebenza nezinhlelo zakho. Onjiniyela bavame ukukhulula izibuyekezo ukuze balungise ubungozi futhi bathuthukise ukuvikeleka kwesofthiwe, okungasiza ukuvimbela izifo ezizayo. Qinisekisa ukunika amandla izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo ukuze ugcine ikhompuyutha yakho ivikelekile ngaso sonke isikhathi.
3. Susa amafayela nezinhlelo ezisolisayo
Nakuba i-antivirus yakho ingathola futhi isuse izinsongo eziningi, amanye amafayela anonya noma izinhlelo zingase zingabonwa. Ukuze ukhombe futhi ukhiphe lawa mafayela asolisayo, kufanele uhlole ikhompuyutha yakho izinto ongazazi noma okhumbula ukuzifaka. Sebenzisa imenenja yefayela ukuze uthole futhi ususe noma imaphi amafayela noma amafolda asolisayo. Futhi, khipha noma yiziphi izinhlelo ongazazi noma ozibona njengezingenasidingo ukuze ugweme izifo ezingaba khona.
- Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokuvikela ukutheleleka ngegciwane kukhompyutha yakho
Ukuvikeleka kwemishini yakho ye-elekthronikhi kubalulekile ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka kwamagciwane angonakalisa idatha yakho kanye nobumfihlo bakho. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha ongazithatha ukuze uvikele ikhompuyutha yakho:
1. Gcina isofthiwe yakho ibuyekeziwe: Kubalulekile ukuvuselela njalo kokubili isistimu yokusebenza kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ozifakile. Izibuyekezo zivame ukufaka amapeshi okuvikela alungisa ubungozi kusofthiwe futhi avimbele ukuhlaselwa kwegciwane okungaba khona.
2. Sebenzisa isivikeli magciwane esithembekile: Faka isofthiwe ethembekile yokulwa namagciwane ekhompyutheni yakho futhi uyigcine inolwazi lwakamuva. I-antivirus esebenzayo ingathola futhi isuse noma yiliphi igciwane noma uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha oluzama ukungena ohlelweni lwakho.
3. Landa amafayela nezinhlelo emithonjeni ethembekile: Gwema ukulanda okunamathiselwe kuma-imeyili asolisayo noma kumawebhusayithi angaphephile. Njalo hlola umthombo wamafayela futhi uqiniseke ukuthi athembekile ngaphambi kokuwalanda noma ukuwasebenzisa kukhompyutha yakho.
- Ukubaluleka kokugcina i-antivirus nezinye izinhlelo zokuphepha zivuselelwe
Kule minyaka yedijithali esiphila kuyo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokugcina izinhlelo zethu zokuphepha, ikakhulukazi i-antivirus, zisesikhathini samanje. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kanjalo namaqhinga asetshenziswa izigebengu zamakhompiyutha ukuze zingene kumadivayisi ethu futhi zithole ukufinyelela olwazini lwethu lomuntu siqu nolubucayi. I-antivirus ebuyekeziwe iqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okukhulu kumagciwane, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha nezinye izinsongo ze-cyber.
Ngokugcina i-antivirus yakho isesikhathini samanje, uqinisekisa ukuthi unesivikelo sakamuva ezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha namagciwane ahlala evela endaweni yedijithali. Onjiniyela bezinhlelo zezokuphepha basebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukuze bathole futhi basuse lezi zinsongo, ngakho ukufaka izibuyekezo kubalulekile ukuze ugcine idivayisi yakho iphephile futhi ivikelekile.
Ngokungeziwe ku-antivirus, kubalulekile futhi ukugcina ezinye izinhlelo zokuphepha, ezifana ne-firewall kanye ne-anti-spyware, zisesikhathini samanje. Lezi zinhlelo zisiza ukuvimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi yakho futhi zivikele ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu. Ukuhlala uphezu kwezibuyekezo zokuphepha kuphinde kuvumele ukuthi usebenzise ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza nokuzinza okuvela kulezi zinhlelo, okunomthelela ekuzizwiseni okuphephile nokungenazihibe ku-inthanethi.
- Izincomo zokugwema ukulanda uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ku-inthanethi
Ngosongo olukhulayo lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ku-inthanethi, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela izisetshenziswa zethu kanye nedatha yomuntu siqu. Nazi izincomo ezibalulekile zokugwema ukulanda uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha:
Gcina isistimu yakho yokusebenza nesofthiwe kusesikhathini samanje: Izibuyekezo ezivamile zesistimu yakho yokusebenza nesofthiwe zibalulekile ekugcineni idivayisi yakho ivikelekile. Qiniseka ukuthi ufaka zonke izibuyekezo ezitholakalayo zokuphepha namapeshi ukuze uzivikele ezingozini ezaziwayo izigebengu ze-inthanethi ezingazisebenzisa.
Qaphela lapho ulanda okunamathiselwe noma uchofoza izixhumanisi: Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ngokuvamile lusatshalaliswa ngama-imeyili obugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi noma amawebhusayithi anonya. Ungalokothi uvule okunamathiselwe kwimithombo engaziwa futhi ugweme ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi uqinisekisa ubuqiniso bewebhusayithi ngaphambi kokufaka noma yiluphi ulwazi lomuntu siqu noma lwezezimali.
Faka isofthiwe ethembekile yokulwa namagciwane: Isofthiwe ethembekile nesezingeni eliphezulu ye-antivirus ibalulekile ukuze kutholwe futhi kukhishwe uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Khetha isixazululo esithembekile sokuvikela esinikeza ukuvikeleka kwesikhathi sangempela namaskena ahleliwe. Khumbula ukugcina isivikeli magciwane sakho sivuselelwe ukuze wazi izinsongo zakamuva futhi uvikele idivayisi yakho ezifweni ezingase zibe khona.
- Iqhaza lama-firewall ekuvikeleni kumagciwane nezinye izinsongo
I-firewall idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni kumagciwane nezinye izinsongo ze-cyber. Lawa masistimu okuvikela asebenza njengesithiyo esinganqamuki phakathi kwamadivayisi axhunywe kunethiwekhi nomhlaba wangaphandle. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuqapha nokulawula ithrafikhi yedatha engena futhi ephuma kunethiwekhi, okuvumela kuphela ukuxhumana okugunyaziwe kanye nokuvimbela noma yimiphi imizamo yokufinyelela engagunyaziwe.
Enye yezinzuzo eziphawuleka kakhulu zama-firewall amandla azo okuthola nokuvimba amagciwane nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Lawa madivayisi asebenzisa ama-algorithms athuthukile nezizindalwazi ezisesikhathini samanje ukuze zihlonze amaphethini namasiginesha we-malware. Uma ifayela noma iphakethe ledatha elifana nokusongela okwaziwayo litholwa, i-firewall ivimba ngokuzenzakalelayo ukufinyelela kwayo kunethiwekhi, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukusabalala kokutheleleka kanye nokulimala kwamasistimu.
Ngokungeziwe kumsebenzi wabo wokuvimba, izindonga zomlilo nazo zinesibopho sokurekhoda nokuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi ngokuziphatha okusolisayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imisebenzi efana nemizamo yokuxhumana engagunyaziwe, ukuskena kwembobo, nethrafikhi engajwayelekile. Uma kutholwa okudidayo, i-firewall ikhiqiza izexwayiso ukuze abaphathi besistimu bathathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuvikela inethiwekhi. Kafushane, izindonga zomlilo zibalulekile kunoma iyiphi isistimu yezokuphepha yekhompyutha, ihlinzeka ngokuzivikela okunamandla nokuphumelelayo kumagciwane nezinye izinsongo ze-cyber.
- Ungazi kanjani ukuthi ikhompyutha yakho ithintwe yi-ransomware
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-ransomware kukhompyutha yakho:
- Amafayela awafinyeleleki noma anezandiso eziyinqaba.
- Imilayezo ezivelelayo esikrinini edinga inkokhelo ukuze uvule amafayela.
- Ukusebenza okunensayo kanye nempendulo ebambezelekile.
- Ukuqondisa kabusha kumakhasi ewebhu angaziwa.
- Izinhlelo eziyinqaba noma ezingaziwa ezifakiwe ngaphandle kwemvume yakho.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma usola i-ransomware kusistimu yakho?
- Ungayikhokhi isihlengo, njengoba asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi amafayela akho azovulwa.
- Nqamula ikhompuyutha yakho kunethiwekhi ukuze uvimbele i-ransomware ukuthi ingasakazeki.
- Qalisa ukuskena okugcwele kwesistimu yakho usebenzisa isofthiwe ethembekile yokulwa namagciwane.
- Buyisela amafayela akho kusipele ngaphambi kokuhlasela kwe-ransomware.
- Cabangela ukuxhumana nochwepheshe we-cybersecurity ukuze uthole usizo oluchwepheshile.
Izinyathelo zokuvikela zokuvikela ikhompuyutha yakho ekuhlaselweni kwe-ransomware okuzayo:
- Gcina isistimu yakho yokusebenza nazo zonke izinhlelo zisesikhathini samanje.
- Ungachofozi izixhumanisi noma ulande okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili okusolisayo.
- Sebenzisa isixazululo esithembekile sokuvikela ngokutholwa kwe-ransomware eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
- Yenza amakhophi avamile ekhophi yasenqolobaneni amafayela akho kudivayisi yangaphandle noma efwini.
- Gwema ukulanda izinhlelo ezivela emithonjeni engathembekile noma kumawebhusayithi ezigebengu.
- Ukubaluleka kokwenza amakhophi ayisipele ukuze uvikele idatha yakho
Ukubaluleka kokwenza amakhophi ekhophi yasenqolobaneni ukuze uvikele idatha yakho
Ezweni lanamuhla ledijithali, idatha ingenye yezimpahla ezibaluleke kakhulu kumabhizinisi nakubantu ngabanye. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nesistimu yokusekelayo ethembekile ukuvikela le datha ekulahlekeni okungenzeka noma emonakalweni. Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukwenza isipele:
1. Ukuvinjelwa kokulahleka kwedatha:
- Ukwehluleka kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi, namaphutha omuntu kungabangela ukulahleka kwedatha okungalindelekile.
- Ngokwenza izipele ezivamile, uqinisekisa ukuthi idatha izovikelwa futhi ulwazi lungatholwa uma kwenzeka izigameko.
- Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumabhizinisi, njengoba ukulahleka kwedatha ebalulekile kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwenhlangano nesithunzi.
2. Ukuhambisana nokulawula nomthetho:
- Imithetho nemithetho eyahlukene idinga izinkampani ukuthi zivikele ngokwanele futhi zenze isipele idatha yamakhasimende azo.
- Ngokwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni, izinhlangano zingahlangabezana nezimfuneko zokulawula nezomthetho, zigweme izinhlawulo nezinhlawulo.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba namakhophi ayisipele abuyekeziwe kunikeza ukuthula kwengqondo nokuzethemba kumakhasimende kanye nozakwethu bebhizinisi, njengoba kuqinisekisa ukutholakala nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo kolwazi.
3. Ukubuyisela ngokushesha inhlekelele:
- Esimeni sezinhlekelele zemvelo, ezinjengomlilo noma izikhukhula, noma izehlakalo ezingalindelekile, njenge-ransomware, isistimu yokusekelayo izovumela ukutakula okusheshayo nangempumelelo.
- Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula futhi kuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwemisebenzi.
- Izipele futhi zenza kube lula ukubuyisela amafayela asuswe ngephutha noma idatha, ngaphandle kwesidingo samasevisi abizayo okuthola idatha.
Ngamafuphi, ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni kubalulekile ukuze uvikele idatha yakho endaweni yanamuhla yedijithali. Ngokungeziwe ekuvimbeleni ukulahlekelwa kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthobela umthetho, kukunikeza ukuthula kwengqondo ukuthi idatha yakho izotholakala futhi ivikeleke uma kwenzeka noma yisiphi isigameko. Ungayeki ukwenza isipele idatha yakho njalo nangokwethembeka!
- Uyivikela kanjani inethiwekhi yekhompyutha yakho ekuhlaselweni nasekuthelelekeni ngegciwane
Ukuvikela inethiwekhi yekhompyutha yakho ekuhlaselweni nasekuthelelekeni ngegciwane kubalulekile ukuze ugcine ukuphepha nobumfihlo bedatha yakho. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze uqinise ukuvikeleka kwenethiwekhi yakho:
1. Gcina amasistimu akho esesikhathini samanje: Ukuvuselelwa kwesoftware kanye ne-firmware kubalulekile ukulungisa ubungozi obaziwayo. Qiniseka ukuthi wonke amadivayisi akunethiwekhi yakho, okuhlanganisa amarutha, amasistimu okusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza, kuhlala kusesikhathini.
2. Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinile: Amaphasiwedi abuthakathaka ayisimemo esivulekile kubahlaseli. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo amade, anenhlanganisela yezinhlamvu, izinombolo nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Futhi, shintsha amagama ayimfihlo njalo futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa afanayo kuma-akhawunti ahlukene.
3. Sebenzisa i-firewall: Ama-firewall angamathuluzi abalulekile okuvikela inethiwekhi yakho. Setha i-firewall kumzila wakho futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uvumela ukuxhumana okudingekayo kuphela. Ungasebenzisa futhi izinqamuleli zesofthiwe kudivayisi ngayinye ukuze uthole ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe.
- Izingozi ezihlobene nokuphequlula i-inthanethi kanye nezinyathelo zokukuvikela
Ukuphequlula i-inthanethi kuphethe uchungechunge lwezingozi okufanele sizicabangele ukuze sizivikele ezinsongweni ezingaba khona. Nazi ezinye zezingozi ezinkulu ezihlobene nokuphequlula i-inthanethi nezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha kwakho ku-inthanethi.
1. Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha: Enye yezingozi ezivame kakhulu lapho upheqa i-inthanethi ukuthi kungenzeka uhlaselwe yi-malware. Ukuze uzivikele, kubalulekile ukulandela lezi zinyathelo:
- Ungalandi okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili noma uchofoze izixhumanisi ezisolisayo kuma-imeyili.
- Gcina isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus isesikhathini futhi wenze ukuskena ngezikhathi ezithile kudivayisi yakho.
- Ungafaki izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisuka emithonjeni engathembekile futhi uhlale uqinisekisa ukuthi uyazilanda ezitolo ezisemthethweni.
2. Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi: Enye ingozi evamile ku-inthanethi ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, okuyilapho izigebengu ze-inthanethi zizama ukuthola ulwazi lomuntu siqu noma lwezezimali ngomgunyathi. Ukuze ugweme ukuwela kulolu gibe, cabangela lokhu okulandelayo:
- Ungabelani ngolwazi oluyimfihlo noma olubucayi ngezixhumanisi ezingaqinisekisiwe noma ama-imeyili.
- Gcina isiphequluli sakho sewebhu sisesikhathini samanje futhi unike amandla izaziso zokuphepha ukuze uthole izexwayiso mayelana namawebhusayithi asolisayo.
- Njalo hlola i-URL nesitifiketi sokuvikeleka samawebhusayithi ngaphambi kokufaka idatha yakho yomuntu siqu.
3. Ukwebiwa Kobunikazi: Ukwebiwa kwemininingwane kuyingozi yangempela ku-inthanethi. Ukuze uvikele ubuwena ku-inthanethi, thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:
- Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinile, ahlukile ku-akhawunti ngayinye, ukuhlanganisa izinhlamvu, izinombolo nezimpawu.
- Gwema ukwabelana ngolwazi lomuntu siqu ezinkundleni zokuxhumana noma kumawebhusayithi angaphephile.
- Sebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili noma nini uma kunokwenzeka ukuze wengeze isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela kuma-akhawunti akho.
Q&A
Q1: Yiziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi ikhompuyutha yami inegciwane?
A1: Ezinye izimpawu ezisobala zokuthi ikhompuyutha yakho itheleleke ngegciwane zihlanganisa ukusebenza kancane, ukubanda njalo, ukuvela kwezinhlelo ezingafuneki, izinguquko kuzilungiselelo zesistimu, ukuvimba ukufinyelela kumafayela noma izinhlelo ezithile, kanye nezigelekeqe ezingaceliwe.
Q2: Ngingaluhlonza kanjani uhlobo lwegciwane elithelela ikhompuyutha yami?
A2: Ukuze ubone uhlobo lwegciwane elithinta ikhompuyutha yakho, kuyanconywa ukuthi usebenzise uhlelo lwakamuva lwe-antivirus. Lezi zinhlelo zenza ukuskena okugcwele kwesistimu ukuthola amagciwane aziwayo futhi zinganikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nohlobo oluthile lwegciwane elikhona.
Q3: Yimiphi imithombo eyinhloko yokutheleleka ngegciwane kumakhompyutha?
I-A3: Imithombo eyinhloko yokutheleleka ngegciwane kumakhompyutha ngokuvamile ukudawuniloda amafayela noma izinhlelo ezivela emithonjeni engathembekile, ukuvula okunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili okusolisayo, ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezinonya noma ukunamathela kumawebhusayithi angenwe yileli gciwane, kanye nokuntuleka kwezibuyekezo zokuphepha nokusetshenziswa kwemishini yokugcina yangaphandle enegciwane. .
Q4: Ngingakugwema kanjani ukutheleleka ngegciwane kukhompyutha yami?
A4: Ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka ngegciwane kukhompyutha yakho, kutuswa ukuba ulandele izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo: gcina uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza nezinhlelo kusesikhathini, sebenzisa uhlelo oluthembekile lwe-antivirus futhi uqiniseke ukuthi luhlala luhambisana nesikhathi, gwema. ukulanda amafayela noma izinhlelo ezivela emithonjeni engagunyaziwe.thembekile, qaphela lapho uvula okunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili futhi uchofoza izixhumanisi, upheqa amawebhusayithi avikelekile, futhi usebenzise amagama ayimfihlo aqinile.
Q5: Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngicabanga ukuthi ikhompyutha yami inegciwane?
I-A5: Uma usola ukuthi ikhompuyutha yakho inegciwane, kuhle ukuthi usebenzise ukuskena kwesistimu okugcwele usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-antivirus oluhloniphekile. Uma uqinisekisa ubukhona bamagciwane, landela imiyalelo enikezwe uhlelo lwakho lokuvikela amagciwane ukuze uwasuse. Uma uzizwa ungenaso isiqiniseko noma ungenalwazi mayelana nokubhekana namagciwane, kuhle ukuthi ufune usizo kuchwepheshe okhethekile.
Ukuphawula kokuphetha
Ukuphetha, ukutholwa kwekhompyutha enegciwane kuyisici esibalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwekhompyutha. Ngezinyathelo ezishiwo ngenhla, uzokwazi ukubona futhi uqinisekise ubukhona bezinhlelo ezinonya kusistimu yakho. Ukwazi nokuqonda lezi zimpawu nezimpawu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthathe isinyathelo esisheshayo nesisebenzayo sokususa noma yikuphi usongo futhi uvikele ikhompuyutha yakho ezifweni ezizayo.
Khumbula ukuthi ukuvikela kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokugwema ukusabalala kwamagciwane nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Ukugcina uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lusesikhathini samanje, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezithembekile zokulwa namagciwane, nokuqapha lapho ulanda amafayela futhi uvakashela amawebhusayithi angaziwa kuyizinqubo ezingagcina ikhompuyutha yakho iphephile kunoma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ikunikeze imininingwane ebalulekile yokuthi ungayibona kanjani ikhompuyutha etheleleke ngegciwane. Ukuphepha kwekhompuyutha kuyisihloko esishintsha njalo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva mayelana nezinsongo zakamuva nezinyathelo zokuvikela. Thatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ukuze uvikele okokusebenza kwakho futhi ujabulele umuzwa wekhompuyutha ovikelekile nothembekile.